BIOLOGY UNIT 2<ANIMALS>

• In what way does insects provide services to agriculture?

  pollination and regulation of pests
• Pollinators


  insects that forage on flowering plants to obtain plant-provided food
• What percent of crop prod. yielded in the world is a result of insect pollination?

  35%
• Pest regulation


  known as a natural biological control
• Example of insects that regulate pests?

  Mantis , Lady beetles , ground beetles, rove beetles ,flower bugs , lace wings , and hover flies
• What are species of mantis that feed on grasshoppers and caterpillars that damage crops?

  Stagmomantis
• What are species of lady beetles that feed on aphids and scale worms?

  Chilomenes
• A type of blister beetle eat eggs of locusts?

  Epicauta
• Edible insects


  1462
• Where is insects consumed usually?

  Asia and Central America
• Examples of Edible insects?


  Grasshoppers , crickets ,termites, moth larvae and beetles
• Scientific name of honey bees

  Apis meliffera L..
• What do we get silk from?

  Bombyx mori
• What is a resin secreted from lac insects?

  Shellac
• What is shellac used for?

  dyes , waxes , inks , polishes and stiffening agent for felt hats
• What is extracted from scale insects like Dacylopius coccus?

  Cochineal
• tannic acid


  Cynipidae secrete
• What is applied to treat burns , chronic & post-surgical wounds?

  Honey MLLL
• What is used to treat joint pains?

  bee and ant venom
• Which insects secrete a powerful protein blocker

  Cantharides from blister beetles
• What can be used in treatment of cancerous tumors that are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation?

  Cantharides
• What does African cultures use as pain relievers for migraines?

  Poultices from ground grasshoppers
• Anopeles Mosquito


  Which vector transmits:Plasmodium (malaria)
• Culex mosquito


  filariasis
• tsetse fly

  African sleeping sickness
• Housefly 


  food and water borne diseases
• animal behavior


  all the ways animals interact with other organisms and the physical environment
• 2 types of animal behavior

  innate and learned
• Innate Behavior


  behavior that is determined by genes and specific to species
• Types of Innate Behavior?

  instinct, Reflexive and Orientated
• Simple reflex


  spinal cord sends back automatic response before signal reaches brain
• Taxis


  Movement toward or away from a stimulus.
• Kinesis


  locomotory behavior relation to a source of stimulus* intensity of stimulus and not source or direction of stimulus
• learned behavior


  a behavior that has been learned from experience or observation
• Learned behaviors include

  Habituation, Classical conditioning , sensitization and latent/insight learning
• Habituation


  an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it
• classical conditioning


  associative learning> a response already associated with 1 stimulus is associated with 2nd stimulus to which it had no previous connection
• Before conditioning


  unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
• During conditioning{UCS=CS}


  stimulus that prod. no response is associated with unconditioned stimulus known as conditioned stimulus
• After conditioning

  conditioned stimulus has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus to create a new CS