articles

• Baron & banaji 2006 

  The development of implicit attitudes: evidence of race evaluations

  • Study development (when) of implicit vs explicit racial bias / ingroup/outgroup 
  • Implicit race bias - pro white
  • 6, 10 and adult = same: implicit pro white
  • Older = less explicit bias
  • White kids 
• Gonzalez, steele, baron 2017

  Reducing children’s implicit racial bias through exposure to positive out-group exemplars.

  • Developmentally (when) diffs in ability to change white>black implicit bias (if they can at all)
  • W positive black exemplars 
  • 5-12yos
  • 7 and 10 ish age groups 
  • Older children = reduced implicit pro white bias 
  • Not younger children 
  • Conditions: black, white, flower 
• Gelman & Heyman (1999)

  Carrot-eaters and creature believers: the effects of lexicalization on children’s inferences about social categories.

  • Essentialism 
  • Language fx on children’s inferences
  • Noun label vs verbal predicate
  • 5 and 7 yos
  • Qs 
  • Past, present, no fam support, fam opposition
  • Noun = more stable 
  • Esp future behaviour and behav. W no fam support
• Rudman 2004

  Sources of implicit attitudes

  • Early exp.
  • Affective exp.
  • Cultural biases 
  • Cognitive consistency principles 
• Olson, key, & eaton 2015

  • Trans kids’ implicit/explicit cognition aligns more w gender than sex assigned at birth or confused re: gender identity 
  • 5-12yo trans, cis, and sibs of trans children
  • Statistically cis and trans are indistinguishable within same gender identity 
  • Explicit
  • Peer pref
  • Obj pref
  • Implicit
  • Gender pref
  • Identity 
  • Self socialization and internal sense of self
• ambady et al. stereotype susceptibility in children: effects of identity activation on quantitative performance

  groups: lower, upper elementary school, middle school.

  • ages 5-13 asian american girls/boys
  • youngest and oldest groups showed pattern consistent w what youd expect
  • middle's performance both boys and girls: better performance for gender activation and worse performance for race activation
• warneken 2019: varieties of altruism in children and chimpanzees

  • continuous = both species do it
  • helping, sharing, informing
  • helping is the only continuous one
  • sharing: chimps trust less, passive sharing, struggle to divide rewards, don't care for doing a task to benefit other
  • informing: chimps dont collab/coop, more to get sm1 to do smth for them
  • reasons:
  • social-cognitive diffs
  • evolutionary food domain
  • social selectivity and norms
  • reciprocity, reputation, social norms!!