FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING

• Nursing care involves providing physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual support to patients.
• Florence Nightingale is famous for her work in the military hospitals of the Crimeans.
• Nightingale established nursing as a respectable profession for women.
• Nightingale is known as the lady in lamp.
• Nightingale is considered the mother of modern nursing.
• Nightingale studied nursing at the institute of Protestant Deaconesses in Kaiserswerth, Germany in 1853.
• During the Crimean war in 1854, Nightingale and 38 nurses went to Turkey.
• Nightingale requested 200 scrub brushes for cleaning the building at daytime.
• Nightingale carried the lamp at night to visit patients, thus called “The Lady of the Lamp”.
• In 1857, a Sanitary Commission was formed at the Army Medical College.
• In 1859, Nightingale rehearsed the books she wrote: Notes on hospital, Notes on nursing, and Suggestion for thoughts to searches of the Religion truths.
• In 1860, Nightingale established the Nightingale School & Home for nurses at St. Thomas Hospital in London.
• The theory of interpersonal relations in nursing involves four phases: Orientation, Identification, Resolution, and Termination.
• The Termination Phase in the theory of interpersonal relations in nursing is when the nurse and patient agree that the therapeutic relationship has been completed.
• The Identification Phase in the theory of interpersonal relations in nursing is when the client begins to identify problems and the goal of the nurse is to help the patient recognize his/her problems.
• The Resolution Phase in the theory of interpersonal relations in nursing is when the goal of the nurse is to help the patient understand the underlying causes of his/her problems and to develop solutions.
• During the Orientation Phase in the theory of interpersonal relations in nursing, perceptions are worked through and roles begin to be understood.
• Resolution Phase ● Goal of the nurse: Help the patient to understand the underlying causes of his/her problems and to develop solutions.
• The Orientation Phase in the theory of interpersonal relations in nursing is also known as the Aquitaine phase.
• Hildegard Peplau developed the theory of interpersonal relations in nursing.
• The theory of Florence Nightingale focuses on the importance of the environment in taking care of the patient.
• Environment refers to the external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism and capable of preventing, suppressing/contributing to disease, accidents &/or death.
• The basic client structure is composed of a central core and lines of resistance, normal lines of defense, and flexible lines of defense.
• The created environment is a crucial aspect of nursing as it impacts the client system's well-being.
• Illness is the opposite ends of the continuum from wellness and represents a state of instability and energy depletion.
• Stressors are tension producing stimuli that have the potential to disrupt system stability.
• Normal lines of defense represent stability for the individual or system and are maintained over time.
• Prevention as Intervention refers to purposeful actions to help clients maintain system stability.
• Reconstitution occurs after treatment for a stressor.
• Levels of Prevention include Primary, which is used when a stressor is suspected or identified, and the degree of risk is known; Secondary, which involves intervention or treatment initiated after symptoms occurred; and Tertiary, which occurs after active treatment.
• Negentropy is a process of energy conservation that assists system professionals in maintaining stability or wellness.
• Stability is a dynamic and desired state of balance that copes with stressors to maintain an optimal level of health and integrity.
• Nursing is concerned with the whole person.
• Degree of Reaction is system instability that occurs when stressor invade normal line of defense.
• Wellness exists when all system supports interact in harmony with the whole system's needs being met.
• Flexible lines of defense model an outer broken ring and can be altered over time, serving as a protective buffer for presenting stressors from breaking through the usual wellness state.
• Proper ventilation is more responsible for keeping the air that patient breathes pure as the external air without necessary chilling the patient.
• Inadequate ventilation may be the source of disease.
• Without proper ventilation, it may cause respiratory tract of infection.
• Adequate light has quite as real & tangible effects on the human body.