Tectonic Hazards

• Earthquake


  A sudden or violent movement within the Earth's crust followed by a series of shocks
• Plate margins

  The border between 2 tectonic plates
• Tectonic plates

  Earth's crust is split into a number of plates about 100km thick
• Oceanic crust


  A thin, dense crust which underlies the ocean basins
• Continental crust


  A less dense, thick crust that underlies land
• Convection currents


  Movement of molten rock in the mantle underneath the Earth's surface
• Constructive plate margin

  Plates move apart and new crust is formed as magma rises towards the surface
• Destructive plate margin


  Plates move towards each other and the oceanic plate may subduct under the continental plate
• Collision plate margin


  Two continental plates collide. Neither plate is forced under the other, and so both are forced up and form fold mountains
• Conservative plate margin


  Occurs when plates move apart. Volcanoes are formed as magma wells up to fill the gap, and eventually new crust is formed
• Volcano


  A large and often conical-shaped landform formed over a long time by a series of eruptions
• Hot spots

  Volcanoes form here where the crust is thin and magma is able to break through to the surface
• San Andreas fault

  Example of a conservative plate margin - no volcanoes as there is no magma
• Nazca plate and the South American plate

  Example of a destructive plate margin - formed the Andes (fold mountains)
• The North American plate and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

  An example of a constructive margin - formed the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull
• Geothermal energy


  Hot water from within the crust provides heat and hot water for 90% of all buildings in Iceland
• Tourism


  Dramatic landscapes draw in people and provides jobs for locals
• Monitoring


  Using scientific equipment to detect warning signs of tectonic hazards
• Prediction


  Using historical evidence and monitoring to make predictions about when and where a tectonic hazard may happen
• Protection

  Designing buildings that will withstand tectonic hazards
• Planning


  Identifying and avoiding places most at risk
• What are the four layers of earth?

  Crust. Mantle, outer core, Inner Core
• What are 'plates'?

  Earth's crust is broken into sections called 'plates
• What is a plate boundary?

  A plate boundary is where two plates meet
• Describe the crust of Earth.

  The Crust is the thinnest layer. The Crust is made of solid rock.The Crust is the outer layer of Earth.
• Describe the mantle of Earth.

  The mantle is the largest sectionThe mantle is made of semi-molten rock called Magma.Temperatures in the mantle are about 5000 Celsius
• What is the Outer Core made from?

  The outer core is made from liquid iron and nickel
• Describe the Inner Core?

  The inner core is made from solid iron and nickel.The inner core is the hottest part of Earth.Temperatures in the inner core are about 5500 Celsius.
• Describe 'plates'.

  Earth's crust is broken up into plates called 'plates'.These 'plates' move or 'float' in the mantle.
• How are convection currents created?

  Heat rises and falls in the mantle creating currents, these are called convection currents.
• What is caused by convection currents?

  Convection currents cause the Earth's plates to move.
• What is tectonic activity?

  Tectonic activity is the movement of earth's plates
• What are the three types of Plate boundaries?

  Conservative or TransformDestructive or ConvergentConstructive or Divergent
• What happens at constructive plate boundaries?

  At a constructive plate boundary, the plates move apart from Each other.(They are constructive about their arguments and just leave each other.)
• Divergent


  Constructive
• What happens at a destructive plate boundary?


  At a destructive plat boundary two plates move towards each other.(they are destructive about their arguments and attack each other)
• What happens at a conservative plate boundary?

  At a conservative plate boundary two plate slide horizontally past each other.(they are conservative about their arguments, sliding past each other and ignoring it)
• What can the movement of the earth's plates cause?

  The movement of earth's plates can cause Earthquakes, Volcanoes and tsunamis.
• What is a Natural Hazards?

  A Natural hazard is a naturally occurring event that might have a negative effect on people or the environment.A hazard is something that has the potential to harm.
• Describe what happens at a constructive plate boundary.

  - Two plates move past each other.1. At a constructive plate boundary to plates move away from each other2. As the plates move apart, semi molten rock called magma, rises through the gap in the earth's crust.3. The magma cools down to form new rock