ANA-URI

• Urinary System 

  • Consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, the urinary bladder, and a urethra
  • Forms and eliminates urine, which contains metabolic waste products
• Kidney 

  • bean-shaped organ
  • vital organ responsible for various essential function in the body
• Detoxification - filter and eliminate various toxins and drugs from the bloodstream
• Renal Capsule - tough fibrous tissue/layer surrounding the kidney, providing support and protection
• Renal Sinus - cavity within the kidney containing blood vessels, nerves, and the renal pelvis
• Renal Cortex - initial stages where urine formation takes place
• Renal Pelvis - funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the calyces and directs it to the ureter
• Renal Pyramids - triangular-shaped structures in the renal medulla containing nephrons (the functional unit of the kidney)
• Nephrons

  • functional unit of the kidney
• Glomerular Filtrate 

  • initially formed by the filtration of blood in the renal corpuscle within the kidney
• Ureters

  • small tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney (to the urinary bladder)
• Urinary Bladder

  • hollow muscular container; restored urine and depend on the quantity of urine present
  • storage reservoir for the urine
• Urethra

  • tube that exits the urinary bladder
• Urine

  • mostly water and contains organic waste products such as urea, acid, and creatinine
• Filtration

  • is the movement of water, ions, and small molecules
• Micturition

  • less-often used for urination or voiding
  • process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder
  • it results from an interplay of involuntary and voluntary actions by the internal and external urethral sphincters
• Water - primary component, making the majority of the urine
• Creatinine 

  • resulting from the breakdown of nucleic acids
  • high creatinine makes the filtering out (of contrast) of kidney slower
• Uric Acid 

  • byproduct of protein metabolism
  • excess of uric acid results in gout, arthritis, etc.
• Specific Gravity - measure of concentration of the solute in the urine
• pH - indicates acidity and alkalinity of urine; influenced by diet and metabolic factors
• Urinary System

  • main focus is to maintain the body’s homeostasis/acid-base balance
• Kidney

  • bean-shaped
  • located on each side of  the vertebral column
  • protected by ribs and adipose capsule
  • suspended (unattached) 
• Nephrons

  • microscopic filtering units
  • glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
• Bladder

  • hollow sac lined by series of fold called rugae (allow bladder to expand)
• Urethra Tube

  • carry the urine from the bladder to outside of the body
• Urethra Meatus

  • external opening to the urethra