The Stuarts and the Civil War

• When did Charles I become king?

  March 1625
• When did Charles marry Henrietta Maria?

  May 1625
• How did Maria cause religious tension in England?

  Large Catholic group of advisorsRefused to be crowned in a Prot service
• When was the failed trip to Cadiz?

  September 1625
• When was the forced loan?

  1st - 16252nd - 1626
• When were the three parliaments?

  June-Aug 1625Feb-June 16261628+1929
• When was the failed expedition to Rhe?

  October 1627
• When did Charles accept the petition of Right?

  June 1628
• When was Buckingham assassinated?


  August 1628
• When did William laud become Bishop of London?

  1628Part of programme of filling Church posts with Arminians
• When did Charles dissolve Parliament for the last time before personal rule?

  March 1629
• How was Charles different to James?

  Didn't consult further than BuckinghamNot committed to protestant or parliamentary liberties
• In what three policy areas did Charles inherit problems from?

  Foreign policy, Religion, Finance
• What was Charles a collector of?

  Visual arts, had many done of him
• Why was Charles' devotion to the arts an issue for Parliament?

  They were mainly done by Catholics from Europe, Ruben and BerniniArchitecture and masques seen as anti-English
• What did William Prynne believe the European artists intended?

  a plot 'to seduce the king
• Who was the leading Arminian sympathiser that oversaw the rise of such ideas?

  Archbishop of Canterbury Laud (Bishop of London until 1633)
• What did Arminians believe that made Charles sympathetic to them?

  Uniformity in worshipObedience to authority, especially that of the monarchBig supporter of Royal prerogativeHierarchy
• What religious views did the HoC hold?

  Calvinist and very anti-Catholic
• How did Charles anger parliament over the forced loan?

  Robert Sibthorpe supported the Forced loan in 1627Roger Mainwaring supported non-parliamentary taxation-impeached but pardoned by Charles
• What effect did the pardon of Roger Mainwaring have?

  Undermined Parliament's trust in Charles as the protector of parliamentary rights
• When was the conference at York House?

  1626
• What was the aim of the York House Conference?

  Heal divisions between puritans and arminians
• What was the real outcome of the York House Conference?

  Highlighted Buck and Charles' support for ArminiansParliament could do little against religious innovation
• Did Charles want to help Frederick?

  Yes-wanted to restore him
• How much did Parliament grant Charles for a war in Europe and what did the amount show?

  £140,000Didn't trust his commitment to the Protestant cause
• Why did the attack on Cadiz fail?

  Soldiers turned up drunk from vineyardMany got sick and the expedition was abandoned
• Who took the blame for the failure at Cadiz?

  Buckingham, the Lord AdmiralWasn't equipped with necessary supplies
• How much was Charles paying Denmark to continue their forces in Europe?

  £30,000 a month
• How did an expedition fail in 1626?


  A fleet to Spain low on supplies failed due to storms in the Bay of Biscay
• What action of Richelieu led to further deterioration of Anglo-French relations?

  Used British ships on loan to attack a Huguenot force in 1625
• What was Buckingham's plan with the Duke's of Lorraine and Savoy?

  Send a fleet to La Rochelle to trigger a Huguenot uprising in their stronghold. Simultaneous attacks from Lorraine and Savoy
• Why did the expedition to La Rochelle fail in 1627?

  Ships didn't have necessary suppliesDidn't have long enough ladders to climb citadel in Rhe
• When did the failed expedition to la Rochelle return and who took the blame for the failure?

  November 1627Buckingham
• What effect did the war in Europe on relations with Parliament?

  Poisoned the firth three parliamentsParliament wouldn't vote for lots of money if there was no progressNothing could be done without sufficient funds
• What happened between the two largest powers in Europe in 1626 that necessitated further defence spending?

  Spain and France agreed to invade England Came to nothing
• What was the impact of further wars against France?

  1/3 of troops died
• What happened in the Battle of Lutter August 1627 that reduced Charles' expenditure?

  Catholic forces beat the Danish, Charles didn't have to support them anymore
• When was the second expedition to la Rochelle and what was it's purpose?

  1628Relieve Rochelle which was under siege
• What was the outcome of the second expedition to Rochelle?

  Massive failureFuelled a parliamentary crisis and Petition of Right