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GCSE Biology Paper 2
Inheritance
Protein Synthesis
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Created by
Sophia Robinson
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Cards (28)
What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?
The
stages
of
protein synthesis
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Why is this topic considered to have a lot of detail?
Because
exam questions
could be tricky
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What is DNA made of?
Double-stranded polymer of
nucleotides
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How many different nucleotides are there?
Four
different nucleotides
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What are the bases of nucleotides called?
A, T, G, and C
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How do the two strands of DNA relate to each other?
They are
complementary
to each other
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Which bases pair together in DNA?
A pairs with
T
,
C
pairs with
G
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What are proteins made of?
Polymers
of
amino acids
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How many different amino acids are there in humans?
Twenty
different amino acids
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How does the order of amino acids affect proteins?
It determines the
shape
and
function
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What type of protein might amylase be classified as?
An
enzyme
molecule
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What type of protein is collagen?
A
structural protein
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What role does insulin play in the body?
It acts as a
hormone
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What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
The
sequence
of
bases
in the
gene
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What is the first stage of protein synthesis called?
Transcription
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Where does transcription take place?
In the
nucleus
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What is the complementary template molecule called?
Messenger RNA (
mRNA
)
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What type of molecule is mRNA?
A
single-stranded
molecule
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What happens to mRNA after transcription?
It passes into the
cytoplasm
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What is the second stage of protein synthesis called?
Translation
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What does the ribosome do during translation?
It reads the triplets of bases on
mRNA
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What are the carrier molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome called?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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What does the ribosome use to join amino acids?
The
triplets
of bases on
mRNA
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What happens once the protein chain is complete?
It folds into its
unique shape
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Why is the shape of a protein important?
It
enables
the
protein
to
do
its
job
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What are the two stages of protein synthesis?
Transcription
Takes place in the
nucleus
DNA sequence is copied into
mRNA
Translation
Takes place in the
cytoplasm
mRNA is read by
ribosomes
to assemble amino acids
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What are the key components involved in protein synthesis?
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Ribosomes
Amino acids
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How does the sequence of bases in DNA relate to protein synthesis?
The sequence of bases codes for
amino acids
Each
triplet
of bases corresponds to a specific amino acid
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