Protein Synthesis

Cards (28)

  • What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?
    The stages of protein synthesis
  • Why is this topic considered to have a lot of detail?
    Because exam questions could be tricky
  • What is DNA made of?
    Double-stranded polymer of nucleotides
  • How many different nucleotides are there?
    Four different nucleotides
  • What are the bases of nucleotides called?
    A, T, G, and C
  • How do the two strands of DNA relate to each other?
    They are complementary to each other
  • Which bases pair together in DNA?
    A pairs with T, C pairs with G
  • What are proteins made of?
    Polymers of amino acids
  • How many different amino acids are there in humans?
    Twenty different amino acids
  • How does the order of amino acids affect proteins?
    It determines the shape and function
  • What type of protein might amylase be classified as?
    An enzyme molecule
  • What type of protein is collagen?
    A structural protein
  • What role does insulin play in the body?
    It acts as a hormone
  • What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
    The sequence of bases in the gene
  • What is the first stage of protein synthesis called?
    Transcription
  • Where does transcription take place?
    In the nucleus
  • What is the complementary template molecule called?
    Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • What type of molecule is mRNA?
    A single-stranded molecule
  • What happens to mRNA after transcription?
    It passes into the cytoplasm
  • What is the second stage of protein synthesis called?
    Translation
  • What does the ribosome do during translation?
    It reads the triplets of bases on mRNA
  • What are the carrier molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome called?
    Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • What does the ribosome use to join amino acids?
    The triplets of bases on mRNA
  • What happens once the protein chain is complete?
    It folds into its unique shape
  • Why is the shape of a protein important?
    It enables the protein to do its job
  • What are the two stages of protein synthesis?
    1. Transcription
    • Takes place in the nucleus
    • DNA sequence is copied into mRNA
    1. Translation
    • Takes place in the cytoplasm
    • mRNA is read by ribosomes to assemble amino acids
  • What are the key components involved in protein synthesis?
    • DNA
    • mRNA
    • tRNA
    • Ribosomes
    • Amino acids
  • How does the sequence of bases in DNA relate to protein synthesis?
    • The sequence of bases codes for amino acids
    • Each triplet of bases corresponds to a specific amino acid