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GCSE Biology Paper 2
Inheritance
Mutations
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Created by
Sophia Robinson
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Cards (17)
What is the focus of this video lesson?
How
DNA
structure changes affect
protein synthesis
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What determines the amino acid sequence of a protein?
The
base sequence
of a
gene
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What happens to a protein once it is formed?
It folds into a
unique
shape
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How does the shape of a protein relate to its function?
The
shape
determines the protein's
function
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What is a mutation?
A change to a
base
in
DNA
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How often do mutations occur?
Mutations
happen
all
the
time
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What can happen when a single base in a gene changes?
It may or may not change the
amino acid
sequence
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What is the effect of some mutations on protein function?
Most mutations have
no effect
on function
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What happens if a mutation changes the amino acid sequence?
The shape of the
protein
may change
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How can a mutation affect an enzyme's active site?
It may change the shape, preventing
substrate
binding
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What can happen if a structural protein like collagen is mutated?
It may lose its
strength
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What do chromosomes contain besides coding DNA?
Non-coding parts
of DNA
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What is the role of non-coding DNA regions?
They switch
genes
on and off
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What can mutations in non-coding regions affect?
How
genes
are
switched
on or off
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What is a potential consequence of uncontrolled mitosis due to mutations?
It could lead to
cancer
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What could happen if a gene is turned on when it should be off?
The cell may produce an unwanted
protein
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What are the key ideas about mutations and protein synthesis?
Mutations
are changes to
DNA
bases.
They can affect
amino acid
sequences.
Most mutations have no effect on protein
function
.
Some mutations can dramatically alter protein
shape
and function.
Non-coding
DNA
regions
regulate gene expression.
Mutations in these regions can lead to significant
cellular
effects.
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