Genetic Engineering

• What is genetic engineering?

  Modification of an organism's genome
• How is genetic engineering used in medicine?

  To produce human insulin for diabetes
• How is genetic engineering used in agriculture?

  To create genetically modified crops
• Why do people with type 1 diabetes need insulin?

  They cannot produce their own insulin
• What do genetically modified (GM) crops generally achieve?

  Higher yields than normal crops
• What is one benefit of GM crops being resistant to herbicides?

  Farmers can kill weeds without harming crops
• What concerns do people have about GM crops?

  Potential harm to insects or wildflowers
• What is gene therapy?

  Using genetic modification to treat disorders
• What is a risk associated with modifying genes?

  Unknown effects on other genes
• What is the first step in genetic engineering?

  Identify the gene to transfer
• What are plasmids used for in genetic engineering?

  To transfer DNA between organisms
• What is another method besides plasmids for transferring DNA?

  Using a virus as a vector
• When is the gene transferred into the target organism?

  At an early stage of development
• Why is it important to transfer the gene early in development?

  To ensure all cells receive the gene
• What are the main steps in genetic engineering?

  1. Identify the gene to transfer
  2. Use enzymes to isolate the gene
  3. Transfer the gene into a plasmid or virus
  4. Introduce the gene into the target organism
  5. Ensure transfer occurs early in development
• What are the potential benefits and risks of genetic engineering?

  Benefits:

  • Production of insulin for diabetes
  • Higher yields in agriculture
  • Disease resistance in crops

  
  

  Risks:

  • Unknown effects on ecosystems
  • Potential health effects of GM foods
  • Ethical concerns regarding gene modification