Topic 18: Kingdom Fungi Part 2 & 3 Flashcards

• what was the first diverging group of fungi

  Chytrids
• what kind of group are chytrids? approx how many species?

  Paraphyletic group of ~1000 spp.-not super important to know the species
• Where are chytrids found? (4)

  -aquatic or moist habitats -some in soil-estuaries-on/inside guts of animals.
• what is an estuarie

  partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.-or weird lake thing
• most species of chytrids are unicellular or multicellular?

  unicellular
• if a species of chytrid is not unicellular, what does it form


  form coenocytic thalli (body), usually with no true mycelium (only some form hyphae).
• Chytrids unique among fungi in having what physical characteristic

  motile flagellated asexual spores, called zoospores.
• what is a zoospore

  a haploid cell produced by mitosis-flagellated asexual spore
• what are chytrids cell wall made of? what does their cell wall untilize?

  cell walls made of chitin and utilize external digestion.
• what three roles can chytrids fill in an ecosystem

  decomposers, parasites, or mutualists.
• Free-living chytrids digest what kind of matter

  dead organic matter
• Parasitic chytrids digest what kind of tissues

  tissues of living hosts (plants, animals, or other fungi).
• Chytrids implicated in the global decline of what kind of animals

  amphibians.
• how did chytrids implicate the global decline of amphibians?

  Digest the keratin in the host's skin.
• What are zygomycetes?

  phyla of fungi that include Common molds that have rhizoids that penetrate into bread and stolons along the surface of bread.
• what are the five lineages/ phyla of fungi

  − Chytrids (phylum Chytridiomycota) − Zygomycetes (phylum Zygomycota) − Glomeromycetes (phylum Glomeromycota) − Ascomycetes (phylum Ascomycota) − Basidiomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota)
• What are chytrids?

  phyla of fungi that are the only fungi that reproduce with flagellated spores/cells and live in water and moist soil.
• what do zygomycetes produce


  hyphae without septa (coenocytic).
• What does coenocytic mean?

  type of fungal mycelium that is not separated into individual cells by cross walls
• what kind of group are Zygomycetes

  A paraphyletic group
• what percent of known fungal species are zygomycetes

  <1%
• what three kind of fungi make up zygomycetes (how do they act in an ecosystem)

  -fast-growing molds-parasites-commensal symbionts.
• Zygomycetes reproduce via what? (2)

  sexually and asexually
• how do zygomycetes reproduce asexually?

  Asexual sporangia produce haploid spores that are dispersed aerially.
• how do the zygomycetes Pilobolus reproduce

  "aim" and shoot their sporangia toward a bright light.
• Zygomycetes named for their what

  for their sexually produced zygosporangia
• Zygosporangia are the site of what to reproductive processes

  karyogamy and then meiosis.
• what are Zygosporangia resistant to

  resistant to freezing and drying, can survive unfavourable conditions
• What are glomeromycetes?

  phyla of fungi that are symbionts that form intracellular associations (mycorrhizae) with plant roots.
• all Glomeromycetes species form what kind of relationships and with what?

  form symbiotic relationships with the roots of plants.
• what kind of group are form symbiotic relationships with the roots of plants.

  Monophyletic group of low diversity
• how are Glomeromycetes Ecologically important

  form arbuscular mycorrhiza (endomycorrhiza) with a majority of plant species.-Mycorrhizae supply minerals and nutrients to roots.
• Glomeromycetes reproduce via what? (1)

  asexual soil spores
• there is no evidence of Glomeromycetes doing what?

  undergoing sexual reproduction
• what are dikarya?

  subkingdom of Fungi that may be filamentous or unicellular, but are always without flagella.
• most fungi belong to what subkingdom

  dikarya
• what kind of hyphae do fungi that belong to dikarya form?

  form septate hyphae.(dikaryotic hyphae)
• What are septate hyphae?


  Hyphae that are divided into cells
• what percent of fungal diversity are dikarya

  ~98%
• what kind of fungi is included in dikarya (human application) (4)

  -all edible mushrooms-yeast species for bread, beer and cheese-major wood rotting fungi-pathogens of crops and humans