AP gov executive branch

• What is the definition of bureaucracy?

  A large and complex organization of officials
• What is patronage in the context of government jobs?

  Giving jobs as favors to unqualified people
• What did the Pendleton Service Act establish?

  The merit principle for hiring government employees
• What does civil service refer to?

  Hiring based on qualifications and skills
• What is the merit principle in government employment?

  • Hiring based on qualifications
  • Promoting based on skills and performance
  • Ensures efficiency and fairness
• What does the Hatch Act prohibit?

  Partisan political activities by government employees
• What is the role of the Office of Personnel Management?

  Managing civil service of the U.S. government
• What are independent regulatory commissions responsible for?

  Regulating specific social or economic policies
• What is a government corporation?

  A government-owned business providing services
• What is the purpose of independent executive agencies?

  To focus on specific policy areas
• Why are bureaucratic agencies given discretionary authority?

  Congress lacks expertise and time for policy
• How do bureaucratic agencies implement policy?

  By enforcing and creating rules from laws
• What is the first step bureaucratic agencies take to regulate?

  Developing regulations based on legislative mandates
• What role do administrative law judges play in regulation?

  They hear cases involving regulatory infractions
• How does the President ensure bureaucracy aligns with administration goals?

  Through executive orders and budget control
• What is one way Congress holds agencies accountable?

  Through hearings and investigations
• What are iron triangles?

  Stable relationships between Congress, bureaucracy, and interest groups
• How do iron triangles influence policy making?

  They shape policy through combined power
• How do issue networks differ from iron triangles?

  Issue networks include a wider range of stakeholders
• What is the role of media in issue networks?

  Media influences lawmakers during policy writing
• How do public opinions affect legislation?

  They are considered by lawmakers when writing laws
• What is the purpose of lobbying in policy making?

  To influence lawmakers and policy decisions