Bladder cancer

• What sex is bladder cancer more common in?

  Males
• What are some risk factors for developing bladder cancer?

  Smoking

  Occupational exposure

  Chronic UTIs

  Age - 55+

  Gender
• What are the 3 types of bladder cancer?

  Transitional cell carcinoma

  Squamous cell carcinoma

  Adenocarcinoma
• What is the most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer?

  Hematuria
• What are some symptoms of bladder cancer?

  Haematuria

  UTI symptoms

  Recurrent UTIs

  Pain

  Weight loss
• How is bladder cancer diagnosed?

  Cystoscopy

  Biopsy

  TURBT

  MRI pelvis and CT - locoregional spread
• How is bladder cancer staged?

  TNM staging
• How can the management of bladder cancer be characterised?

  Non-muscle invasive

  Muscle invasive
• What is the initial step in managing NMI bladder cancer?

  Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT)
• What is done for management after TURBT for NMI bladder cancer?

  Intravesical therapy
• What is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer?

  Radical cystectomy
• What are some complications that may occur due to bladder cancer?

  Haematuria

  UTIs

  Obstructive uropathy