active transport

• How do cells move substances during active transport?

  They use energy in the form of ATP
• What is the main difference between active and passive transport?

  Active transport requires energy, passive does not
• How does the shape of the protein change during active transport?

  ATP energy causes the protein to change shape
• How do the concentrations of Na+ and K+ differ between the extracellular space and the cytoplasm?

  Na+ is higher in the extracellular space, while K+ is higher in the cytoplasm
• What is the direction of movement in passive transport?

  From high to low concentration
• How do the minerals interact with the root hair cell?

  The minerals are absorbed by the root hair cell from the soil.
• What is the definition of active transport?

  Movement of substances against concentration gradient
• How do intestinal cells use active transport after eating chocolate?

  They absorb glucose into the bloodstream
• What are the key features of active transport compared to passive transport?

  • Energy Required: Yes (ATP) for active, No for passive
  • Moves Against Concentration Gradient: Yes for active, No for passive
  • Uses Carrier Proteins: Yes for active, No for passive
• What is the main difference between osmosis and active transport in terms of energy usage?

  Osmosis requires no energy, active transport does
• In passive transport, how do molecules move?

  Through channels without protein assistance
• What is the name of the space outside the cell membrane?

  Extracellular space
• What are the key molecules involved in cellular energy production?

  • ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
  • ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
  • Phosphate
• What is the positively charged ion found in the extracellular space?

  Na+
• How do kidney tubules utilize active transport?

  To reabsorb glucose from urine into blood
• What is the role of carrier proteins in active transport?

  They help move substances across the membrane
• What are the key processes of active transport in animal cells?

  • Reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and salts in kidney tubules
  • Nutrient absorption in intestinal walls
  • Sodium-potassium pump for ion balance
• What analogy is used to describe active transport?

  Pushing a bike uphill
• How does active transport differ from passive transport in terms of energy usage?

  Active transport uses ATP, passive does not
• What are the key differences between active and passive transport?

  • Energy Needed:
  • Active Transport: Yes (ATP)
  • Passive Transport: No
  • Moves Against Gradient:
  • Active Transport: Yes
  • Passive Transport: No
  • Gradient Direction:
  • Active Transport: Low to High
  • Passive Transport: High to Low
• How do the structural features of the root hair cell, such as the mineral deposits, contribute to its function?

  The mineral deposits help the cell actively transport and concentrate minerals from the soil
• What supplies energy for the shape change of carrier proteins during active transport?

  ATP
• What do intestinal walls absorb from digested food?

  Nutrients
• Why is ATP essential for active transport processes?

  It provides the energy needed for shape changes
• How does active transport differ from passive transport?

  Active transport requires energy and proteins
• What type of cells use active transport to absorb mineral ions?

  Root hair cells
• What energy source is used for active transport in plant cells?

  ATP
• If a plant is deficient in a certain mineral, how could the root hair cells help address this?

  The root hair cells would increase absorption of that specific mineral from the soil
• What is the main difference between active and passive transport regarding energy input?

  Active transport requires energy input
• What are the main components of the plasma membrane?

  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Proteins (integral and peripheral)
  • Cholesterol
  • Carbohydrates (in glycoproteins and glycolipids)
• What happens to the protein after it releases the molecule in active transport?

  It returns to its original shape
• What are the transport methods and energy sources for water and minerals in plant cells?

  • Water:
  • Transport Method: Osmosis
  • Energy Source: None
  • Minerals:
  • Transport Method: Active Transport
  • Energy Source: ATP
• What is the main structure shown in the image?

  Root hair cell
• What are the two types of transport across cell membranes?

  Active transport and passive transport
• What is the positively charged ion found inside the cell?

  K+
• How does active transport in root hair cells differ from water absorption?

  Active transport uses energy, while osmosis does not
• What is the primary function of the root hair cell shown in the image?

  The root hair cell absorbs minerals and water from the soil to support the plant's growth and development.
• How does the structure of the root hair cell facilitate its function of absorbing minerals and water?

  The large surface area and proximity to the soil allows efficient absorption
• What is the direction of movement in active transport?

  From low to high concentration
• What are the steps involved in active transport using carrier proteins?

  1. Molecule attaches to binding sites on protein
  2. ATP supplies energy to change protein's shape
  3. Protein opens to release molecule on the other side
  4. Protein returns to its original shape