General biology

• Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms.
• Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
• Evolution is the process by which species change over time.
• Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
• Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
• The human body is made up of several systems, including the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, and urinary systems.
• Animal behavior is the study of how animals interact with their environment and other organisms.
• Plants are multicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom Plantae.
• Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or their components to produce useful products or perform specific tasks.
• Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins.
• Alleles are different versions of a gene that can produce different traits.
• Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.
• Mendel's laws of inheritance state that traits are inherited in predictable patterns.
• The law of segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for each gene separate into different gametes.
• Cells are classified into two main types: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
• Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the genetic material (DNA).
• The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles.
• Natural selection is the mechanism by which evolution occurs.
• Charles Darwin is credited with developing the theory of evolution by natural selection.
• Natural selection acts on heritable traits, meaning traits that can be passed down from one generation to the next.
• Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring.
• Over time, this leads to the accumulation of beneficial traits in a population.
• An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment.
• Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, and soil composition.
• Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
• Producers, also known as autotrophs, are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
• Consumers, also known as heterotrophs, are organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the thylakoid membrane.
• The reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water, while the products are glucose and oxygen.
• During photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, which is located in the chloroplasts.
• Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to release energy in the form of ATP.
• Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
• Animals exhibit a wide range of behaviors, including feeding, mating, communication, and social interactions.
• Instinctive behaviors are innate and do not require learning or experience.
• Learned behaviors are acquired through experience and can be modified or changed.
• Animal behavior can be influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors, and social interactions.
• Animal behavior can be observed and studied through various methods, such as field observations, experiments, and laboratory studies.