pilgrimage of grace

• What were church's and monasteries like at the start of the 16th century?

  Centre of communities

  Pope held power

  Monasteries were homes of culture, medical treatment and refuge
• What was indulgence?

  The payment of money to have ones soul released from purgatory.
• Who was Martin Luther?

  German monk who criticised the clergy selling indulgences

  He translated the bible into German and led the reformation in 1517
• Who was Thomas Cromwell?

  Henry's chief minister who was inspired by Luther
• When was the Act of Supremacy?

  1534
• Why did the king want to shut monasteries?

  They took up 1/4 of land and made £200,000 annually, double Henry
• When were the first monasteries shut?

  In 1536 - any that made less than £200
• Who monitored remaining monasteries?

  valor ecclesiasticus
• Why were people in England unhappy with Cromwell power?

  -creator of new religious policies

  -helped Henry divorce

  -was son of blacksmith and a bad advisor
• Why were people in England unhappy with Henry's changes?

  -monasteries were shut

  -landowners lost influence

  -prices rose

  -Cromwell was seen as a bad advisor
• When was the Lincolnshire rising?

  October 1536
• What was the Lincolnshire uprising

  Religious people in louth feared Henry's commissioners

  Rebels capture bishops, gentry and commissioners

  Rebels made demands and Duke of Suffolk was sent to deal with it

  The popular rising spread to local towns and villages
• Who was Robert aske?

  A grassroots lawyer Leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace
• What happened on 16th October 1536?


  10,000 rebels took the city of York, with Hull and Pontefract falling soon after marking the start of the pilgrimage of grace
• Why was this a pilgrimage not a rebellion?

  - act of supremacy did any criticism of the church was treason

  - pilgrims were not against king just wanted Henry to change some policies

  - was about religion and the politicians who were corrupting the church
• What did pilgrims carry and wear?

  The banner of the 5 wounds of christ
• Quotes from the oath of the honourable men of the pilgrimage of grace;

  "Expulse all villein blood and evil councillors"

  "Nor slay nor murder"
• Who was sent to negotiate with rebels in the north?

  Duke of Norfolk
• What happened on 27th October 1536?


  Rebels and duke meet at Doncaster bridge - 8000 dukes men: 30,000 askes
• When did Henry receive askes demands?

  December 1536 - Henry and aske spent Christmas together, both disliked Cromwell and Henry reassured he supported rebels and they would be granted royal pardon
• When did the revolt break out again?

  January 1937 when rebels attacked hull and Beverly castle giving Henry the excuse to cancel pardons
• How many rebels were hung following the 2nd revolt?

  74
• 2 religious demands from pilgrims;

  Restoration of monasteries which provided spiritual, economic and social support

  
  

  Restoration of papal authority making pope head of church
• 2 social demands from pilgrims;

  A fair legal system with justice for common people

  
  

  Protection if local rights and preventing commoners from exploitation
• 2 political demands from pilgrims;

  Removal of evil councillors (Cromwell)

  
  

  A parliament in the north
• Religious impacts of the pilgrimage;

  -failed to stop dissolution of monasteries

  -1539 larger monasteries dissolved
• Economic impacts of pilgrimage;

  -economy improved from monastics dissolution and navy improved

  -landowners bought monastery land

  -court finance improved
• Political impacts of pilgrimage;

  -Darcy and aske killed

  -Henry strengthened council of north

  -no more rebellions in Henry's reign

  -Cromwell excecuted in 1540
• How did the rebels communicate?

  Pamphlets
• When was Aske killed?

  July 1537 all local landowners were required to watch
• When were the larger monasteries dissolved?

  1539- abbots resisted 20