Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Mass is the amount of matter a substance contains and is measured by a balance and the unit is grams (g).
• Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity.
• Energy is the ability to do work or cause matter to move.
• The difference between the states of matter is the energy and arrangement of particles.
• Solids

  • particles vibrate in place
  • low kinetic energy (KE)
  • definite shape
  • definite volume
  • incompressible
  • high density
  • strong intermolecular forces
• Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. (And another one which is plasma)

  
• Liquid

  • fluid - particles slide past each other
  • moderate kinetic energy (KE) - enough to “stretch” the intermolecular forces
  • indefinite shape
  • indefinite volume (shape of container)
  • incompressible
  • only slightly less dense than solids
  • move slowly
  • moderately strong intermolecular forces
• Intermolecular Forces are attractive forces between molecules.
• Gas

  • fluid - particles move easily
  • high kinetic energy (KE) - enough to break all intermolecular forces
  • indefinite shape
  • indefinite volume (shape of container)
  • compressible
  • low density
  • exert pressure on any surface with which they collide
  • move rapidly
  • weak intermolecular forces
• Changing state by changing temperature is a physical change since there is no change in the chemical composition.

  
• Melting is a process that transitions a substance from a solid TO a liquid at the melting point.
• Boiling is a process that transitions a substance from a liquid TO a gas at the boiling point.
• Condensation is a process that transitions a substance from a gas TO a liquid at the condensing point.
• Freezing is a process that transitions a substance from a liquid TO a solid at the freezing point.
• Sublimation is a process that transitions a substance directly FROM a solid TO a gas without passing through the liquid phase.
• Deposition is a process that transitions a substance directly FROM a gas TO a solid without passing through the liquid phase.