Causality

• Bradford Hill Criteria:

  • a set criteria to help determine whether a relationship is a correlation or a causation
  • there must be a temporal sequence
  • there must a strong association
  • there must be a consistent association
  • there must be a biological gradient (dose response)
  • the relationship must be specific
  • there must be a biological plausibility
  • is must be coherent with existing knowledge
  • has it been proven in RCT/there must be experimental evidence