Bartonella, streptobacillus,chromo,ornitho, riemerella

• Bartonella is an aerobic, fastidious, Gram-negative coccobacilli (short rods) that is motile by lophotrichous flagella and is a facultative intracellular bacteria.
• Bartonella is found in wild and domestic animals, particularly in cats, and is an opportunistic pathogen causing Bartonellosis.
• Bartonella is prevalent in warmer and humid regions and is transmitted by an arthropod vector, usually cat fleas.
• Bartonella causes diseases in humans such as cat scratch disease, endocarditis, and trench fever.
• Bartonella is zoonotic and can cause subclinical bacteremia in humans.
• Bartonella is a vector for diseases such as Carrion’s disease, which is endemic in Andean valleys.
• Bartonella is also a vector for diseases such as trench fever.
• Pneumonia in broiler chicken flocks is associated with β-hemolytic Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection.
• Riemerella anatipestifer infection in domestic ducks in Japan, 2014, was confirmed by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
• MALDI-TOF MS and antibiotic resistance testing can be used for the identification of Riemerella anatipestifer.
• Epidemiologic investigation of Riemerella anatipestifer in a commercial duck company by serotyping and DNA fingerprinting was conducted by the University of California, Davis.
• Experimental Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection along with live infectious bronchitis vaccination in broiler chickens can lead to significant economic losses.
• Bartonella is a vector for diseases such as endocarditis in dogs.
• Bartonella causes diseases in cats such as feline bartonellosis.
• Bartonella is a vector for diseases in cats such as endocarditis.
• Bartonella is a vector for diseases in cats such as localized tissue infections.
• Bartonella is a vector for diseases in cats such as bacteremia.
• Bartonella is a vector for diseases in cats such as subclinical bacteremia.
• Pulliainen and Dehio discuss the persistence of Bartonella spp.
• Pins et al. isolate presumptive Streptobacillus moniliformis from abscesses associated with the female genital tract.
• Kaniyarakkal et al. present two cases of Chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia and urinary tract infection from a tertiary care hospital in South India.
• Soares et al. present a case of Chromobacteriosis (Chromobacterium violaceum) in a calf from Brazil.
• Chakravarty and Modak discuss a case of Chromobacterium violaceum wound infection.
• Shin et al. present a case report of seronegative cat scratch disease, emphasizing the histopathologic point of view.
• Hammerschmitt et al. report a case of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in a horse.
• Elliott discusses rat bite fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis.
• Crosse et al. report two cases of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in dogs.
• Greene, Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat: A Color Handbook (1st edition) by Weese and Evason, includes a chapter on Bartonella spp.
• Nei et al. report a case of Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a rheumatoid arthritis patient without a rat bite.
• Moniliformis is a species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can cause infections in humans.
• Violacein is an antibiotic with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
• Clinical symptoms of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in chickens can include coughing, reduced weight gain, reduced egg production, airsacculitis, and pneumonia.
• Chromobacterium violaceum is present in soil and water of subtropical and tropical regions and is an opportunistic pathogen of mammals (humans, pigs, dogs, etc.), leading to fatal systemic disease.
• Surgical drainage is a treatment option for infections caused by Moniliformis.
• Penicillin, Doxycycline, Tetracycline, and Cephalosporins are types of antibiotics used to treat infections caused by Moniliformis.
• Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is not zoonotic.
• Necrosis of skin and debridement of tissues are symptoms of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in two dogs from Florida.
• Chromobacterium violaceum is a species of bacteria that is gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rods, motile by polar or lateral flagella, and produces a violet pigment (violacein).
• Symptoms of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in humans can include skin abscess, septicemia, multiorgan abscesses, and pneumonia.
• Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a species of bacteria that is gram-negative, non-motile, microaerophilic, pleomorphic rods, found from many wild and domesticated species of birds, and is an emerging poultry pathogen (Ornithobacteriosis), causing an acute, contagious respiratory disease (pneumonia and airsacculitis) in chickens, turkeys, and older birds.