OCR mark scheme

• What is the focus of the OCR B GCSE Geography revision document?

  Practice questions on resource reliance and food security
• How has increasing demand for resources affected our planet?

  It leads to resource depletion and environmental degradation
• What factors lead to demand outstripping supply of food, energy, and water?

  • Population growth
  • Economic development
  • Urbanization
  • Climate change
• What are some human modifications to environments and ecosystems?

  Mechanisation, deforestation, and water transfer schemes
• What is one method used to provide food?

  Mechanisation of farming
• What is one method used to provide energy?

  Deforestation
• What is one method used to provide water?

  Water transfer schemes
• How do changes in global population affect demand for resources?

  Increased population raises demand for food, energy, and water
• What is one factor affecting global demand for resources?

  Population growth
• What is the environmental impact of changing farming practices?

  It can lead to soil degradation and loss of biodiversity
• How can deforestation increase energy supply?

  It allows for more land to be used for energy production
• What are the environmental impacts of mining fossil fuels?

  It causes habitat destruction and pollution
• What is one large-scale way to increase water supply?

  Desalination plants
• How can desalination help make water supply more reliable?

  It provides a consistent source of freshwater
• Why has population growth led to resource exhaustion?

  More people increase demand for limited resources
• What are two impacts of commercial fishing on ocean ecosystems?

  Overfishing and habitat destruction
• How do ecosystems get altered by obtaining energy supplies?

  Through habitat destruction and pollution
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of two energy production methods?

  • Nuclear power:
  • Advantages: Low emissions, high energy output
  • Disadvantages: Radioactive waste, risk of accidents
  • Natural gas:
  • Advantages: Cleaner than coal, abundant supply
  • Disadvantages: Greenhouse gas emissions, fracking concerns
• What does it mean to be food secure?

  Having reliable access to sufficient food
• What factors influence food security?

  Human and physical factors
• How are world patterns of access to food illustrated?

  Through the world hunger index and calorie consumption
• What are Malthusian and Boserupian theories about population and food supply?

  Malthusian predicts scarcity, Boserupian suggests innovation
• What does Fig 1 illustrate about cereal production from 2012-2014?

  Countries producing less than 2.8 million tonnes
• What physical factors contribute to food insecurity?

  Poor soil quality and climate variability
• What human factors contribute to food insecurity?

  Poverty and political instability
• What does it mean for a person to be food secure?

  They have reliable access to food
• Why is food security a growing issue for many countries?

  Due to increasing population and climate change
• How is the World Hunger Index calculated?

  Based on undernourishment, child mortality, and more
• How is food waste linked to food security?

  Food waste reduces available food supply
• Compare Malthus’s and Boserup’s theories about population growth and food availability.

  Malthus predicts scarcity, Boserup emphasizes innovation
• What is one way countries can ensure food security?

  Implementing sustainable agricultural practices
• What are the key features of a national food security attempt?

  • Statistics on food consumption and availability
  • Success of local initiatives like food banks
  • Effectiveness of national strategies like GM crops
• What problems do countries face when trying to feed their populations?

  Resource scarcity and economic challenges
• How effective has one national food security attempt been?

  It improved access to food and reduced hunger
• How does one piece of data show food security changing over time?

  It indicates trends in food availability and consumption
• What are two ways a national food security scheme can improve food security?

  Increasing local food production and reducing waste
• How successful has a local-scale attempt to increase food security been?

  It provided consistent food access for communities
• What are the key features of a national food security attempt?

  Strategies for sustainable agriculture and food distribution
• Compare the effectiveness of one past and one present attempt to increase food security.

  Past methods often lacked sustainability compared to present
• What methods are suggested by the government for future food security?

  Investing in technology and sustainable practices