Pharmacology

• What class does metformin belong to?

  biguanide
• MOA of metformin

  1. decrease ATP, increase AMP
  2. increase AMP protein kinase
  3. inhibit glycerol-3-P-DH
  4. increase NADH
  5. increase lactate & decrease gluconeogenesis
• What is the first line medication for type II diabetes?

  metformin
• What drug class does gliclazide belong to?

  sulfonylureas
• Gliclazide MOA

  1. Drug binds to sulfonylurea receptor on K+ ATP channel which blocks K+ efflux
  2. B cell depolarises causing Ca2+ influx
  3. Triggers insulin granule release
• True or false, gliclazide may cause weight gain?

  true
• What drug class does saxagliptin belong to?

  gliptins
• MOA saxagliptin

  
  

  1. inhibits DPP IV
  2. GLP 1 has an extended effect on insulin secretion
• What drug class does exenatide belong to?

  incretin mimetics
• MOA exenatide

  1. activates GLP 1 receptor
  2. enhances insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon and slows gastric emptying
• What drug class does dapagliflozin belong to?

  gliflozins
• Dapagliflozin MOA

  1. inhibit Na+ / glucose symporter in the nephron
  2. leads to enhanced secretion of glucose in the urine
• What is hydrocortisone used to treat?

  Addison's disease
• What is levothyroxine used to treat?

  hypothyroidism
• What is carbimazole used to treat?

  hyperthyroidism
• What is the moa of hydrocortisone?

  mimics cortisol -> down regulation of immune response
• What is the MOA of levothyroxine?

  T4 analogue is converted to T3 -> activate nuclear thyronine receptors -> up regulation of metabolism
• What is the MOA of carbimazole?

  converted to methimazole -> inhibits thyroid peroxidase