Depression - Treatments

• What is the main focus of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)?

  Treating mental health disorders
• What does CBT aim to challenge from a cognitive viewpoint?

  Negative and irrational thoughts
• What is the general rationale of cognitive therapies?

  To modify negative schema to reduce depression
• What is the most used treatment for mental health disorders?

  Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
• What is the first step in the CBT process?

  Assessment of current problems and goals
• Which models do most CBT therapists draw upon?

  Beck and Ellis’s models
• What does ELLIS'S RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY acronym A-B-C-D-E stand for?

  Activating event, belief, consequence, dispute, effect
• What is the central technique of REBT?

  Argument to challenge negative thoughts
• What types of arguments are used in REBT?

  Empirical or logical arguments
• What is the purpose of behavioural activation in CBT?

  Encourage engagement in enjoyable activities
• What is the negative triad in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

  Identifying irrational thoughts
• How are patients treated in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

  As scientists generating and testing reasons
• What homework might patients be assigned in Beck's therapy?

  Record enjoyable events or kindness
• What is the purpose of reinforcing positive thoughts in Beck's therapy?

  To prove incorrect negative statements
• What are the evaluations of CBT?

  • Effective for treating depression
  • Supported by evidence (e.g., March et al, 2007)
  • CBT is as effective as medication
  • May not work for severe depression cases
  • Success may depend on patient-therapist relationship
  • Some patients prefer exploring their past
• What did the study by March et al (2007) compare?

  CBT, antidepressants, and their combination
• What percentage of the CBT group showed significant improvement in the study?

  81%
• Why might CBT not work for some patients with severe depression?

  They may lack motivation for cognitive work
• What is a limitation of CBT regarding severe depression?

  It cannot be the sole treatment
• What factor may determine the success of CBT?

  Quality of the therapist-patient relationship
• What do comparative reviews suggest about therapy effectiveness?

  Small differences in effectiveness exist
• What do some patients want to explore in therapy?

  Their past experiences and childhood links
• How does CBT differ from other therapies like psychotherapy?

  CBT focuses on present and future
• Why might some patients find CBT frustrating?

  It does not address their past experiences