Atypical gender development

• What does the term 'cisgender' mean?

  Gender identity matches sex assigned at birth
• What does A-typical gender development refer to?

  Gender identity not following typical patterns
• What is the significance of the term 'gender diverse'?

  It includes a wide range of gender experiences
• What is transgender?

  Gender identity doesn't match sex assigned at birth
• What does non-binary mean?

  Gender identity isn't strictly male or female
• What is gender fluidity?

  Switching between different gender identities
• What does agender mean?

  Not identifying with any gender
• What is gender dysphoria?

  Mismatch between gender identity and sex assigned
• What is required for a diagnosis of gender dysphoria?

  Significant psychological distress associated with mismatch
• Why is it important to note that not all gender diverse individuals experience gender dysphoria?

  It highlights the diversity of gender experiences
• What are the two categories of explanations for atypical gender development?

  Biological and socio-psychological explanations
• What is brain sex theory?

  Observations of brain areas in transgender individuals
• What does brain sex theory suggest about the hypothalamus?

  It may feminize behavior in transgender individuals
• How might genes influence gender expression?

  Variations in genes lead to biological changes
• How can a mother's hormone levels affect gender development?

  Exposure to unusual hormone levels can change behavior
• What did Van Beijsterveldt's study focus on?

  Gender identity data from twin pairs
• What was a key finding from Van Beijsterveldt's study?

  70% of variance in gender identity is genetic
• How does Van Beijsterveldt's study challenge social learning theory?

  Females with female twins showed more cross-gender behavior
• What did Garcia-Falgueras's research focus on?

  Brain structure in transgender individuals
• What did Theisen's study reveal about transgender individuals?

  21 gene variations linked to hormone processing
• What do social psychological explanations suggest about gender dysphoria?

  Influences from family, peers, and society shape development
• How do behaviorists explain gendered behavior?

  Through operant conditioning and reinforcement
• What is the dual pathway theory?

  Children develop both sex-typed and non sex-typed schemas
• What did Drummond's study find about early childhood gender dysphoria?

  It tends to be temporary in most cases
• What did Zucker's research suggest about separation anxiety?

  It may link to developing gender dysphoria
• Why is it important to consider the impact of research on individuals with atypical gender development?

  It can influence societal perceptions and stigma
• What change was made in the DSM-5 regarding gender identity?

  Changed from gender identity disorder to gender dysphoria
• What does an interactionist explanation suggest about atypical gender identity?

  It results from both biological and social factors