Zoology

• Phylum division

  1.Porifera

  2.Cnidaria

  3.Ctenophora

  4.Platyhelminthes

  5.Aschelminthes

  6.Annelida

  7.Arthropoda

  8.Mollusca

  9.Echinodermata

  10. Hemichordata
• Kingdom - grouping of related phyla, such as Animalia or Plantae
• Archaea - ancient bacteria found in extreme environments like hot springs and deep sea vents
• Domain - the highest level of classification that includes all living organisms on Earth.
• Fungi - eukaryotic organisms with cell walls made of chitin instead of cellulose, known for their role in decomposition and production of antibiotics
• Protoctista - diverse group of unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes including algae, protozoans, slime molds, and water molds
• Protists - eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals, fungi, or algae
• Domains are divided into kingdoms (eukaryotes) or superkingdoms (prokaryotes).
• Kingdoms/superkingdoms are further subdivided into phyla.
• Plantae - multicellular eukaryotes characterized by photosynthesis and cellulose-containing cell walls
• Phyla can be classified as classes, orders, families, genera, species, etc.
• Taxonomy involves naming and classifying organisms according to their relationships.
• Fungi - heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls containing chitin, lack flagella, and produce enzymes to digest food externally
• Monera - prokaryotic cells without membrane-bound nucleus or other membranous organelles, can be single-celled or form colonies
• Protozoans - unicellular protists that feed on organic matter through phagocytosis
• Man :Homo sapien

  Housefly:Musca domestica

  Mango: Mangifera indica
• The classification system used by biologists is called taxonomy.
• Scientific names consist of two parts: genus (capitalized) and specific epithet (lowercase).
• Father of taxonomy: Carl Linnaeus
• Phylum of housefly :Arthropoda
• Classification System: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
• Phylum of Man: Chordata
• Order of Housefly: Diptera
• Phylum porifera

  1. Presence of ostia
  2. Body cavity -spongocoel
  3. Osculum
  4. Hermaphrodite: Sexes are not seperated
  5. Presence of choanocyte
• Phylum porifera example: sponges
• Phylum coelenterata or cnidaria :

  1.Presence of cnidoblast

  2.Radially symmetry

  3 .Gastro vascular cavity

  4.Alternation of generation : :

  : metagenesis

  Eg:Adamsia ,obelia
• Two types of body form of cnidaria :

  1.Polyp

  Eg:Hydra

  2.Medusa

  Eg: Jellyfish
• Portuguese man of war:Physalia
• Use of cnidoblast : anchorage defence and capture of prey
• Example of ctenophora: Pleurobrachia
• Ctenophora

  1. Bioluminescence - ability to emit light
  2. Comb plate : locometary organ
  3. Comb jelles : sea walnut
• Aschelminthes

  1.Dinoceous -sexes

  2.Body circular

  3. Pseudocoelum

  4.bilateral symmetry
• Scientific name of

  1. Roundworms: Ascaris
  2. Filarial worm : Wucheraria
  3. Hook worms : Ancytostoma
• Annelida:

  1. Metamerism
  2. Excretory organ: Nephridia
  3. Hermophridite
  4. Bilateral symmetry
  5. Respiratory organ : skin
• Scientific name of

  1. Honeybee- Apis
  2. Silkworm - Bombyx
  3. Lac insect - Laccifer
• Arthropoda

  1. Largest phylum
  2. Respiratory organ : Trachea
  3. Excretory organ: Malpighian tubules
  4. Jointed appendages
  5. Oviparous
• Example of Arthropoda:insect
• Mollusca

  1. 2nd largest phylum
  2. Visceral hump
  3. Respiratory and excretory organ: Gills
  4. Radula
• Example of mollusca : Pila
• Echinodermata

  1. Water canal system
  2. Excretory organ: absent
  3. Larve
  4. Radially symmetry