Against

• What is a reason against the study regarding conclusions?

  Conclusions must be drawn from one case
• Why is it difficult to know if observed responses are unique?

  Responses may not be unique to the individual
• What limitation does classical conditioning have in explaining phobias?

  It can't explain how phobias persist
• What might happen if only classical conditioning is used for phobias?

  The fear response might just disappear over time
• What is a key observation about phobias and conditioning episodes?

  Not all phobias are preceded by a conditioning episode
• What does the study suggest about traumatic incidents and phobias?

  Some people may not develop a phobia after trauma
• What alternative theory is proposed regarding the origin of phobias?

  Biologically, fear evolved to protect ourselves