variables

• What is the independent variable in research?

  The variable that is changed
• What is the dependent variable in research?

  The variable that is measured
• What does operationalisation mean in research?

  Clearly defining variables in a measurable way
• What are extraneous variables?

  Any variable other than the IV affecting the DV
• What is a confounding variable?

  An extraneous variable affecting the DV unintentionally
• What are demand characteristics in a study?

  Aspects that reveal the study's aim to participants
• What are participant variables?

  Aspects of participants that vary and affect results
• What are situational variables?

  Aspects of the situation affecting participant behavior
• What are investigator effects?

  Unintentional influences of the researcher on outcomes
• How can extraneous variables be controlled in research?

  • Standardisation: same procedure for all participants
  • Randomisation: chance methods to assign participants