experiments

• What type of environment does a laboratory experiment take place in?

  A controlled environment
• What type of environment does a field experiment take place in?

  A natural environment
• What are the strengths of laboratory experiments?

  • High control over extraneous variables
  • Increased confidence that nothing else affects the DV
  • Cause-and-effect relationships can be established
• What does high control over extraneous variables in laboratory experiments allow researchers to do?

  Be more confident in their findings
• What does it mean when cause-and-effect can be established in laboratory experiments?

  It means the IV directly affects the DV
• What are the weaknesses of laboratory experiments?

  • Lack ecological validity
  • Findings may not generalize to real life
  • May not reflect natural behavior
• Why do laboratory experiments often lack ecological validity?

  Because they are conducted in artificial settings
• What is a potential issue with findings from laboratory experiments?

  They may not generalize to real life
• What are the weaknesses of field experiments?

  • Less control over extraneous variables
  • More difficult to replicate
  • Cause-and-effect relationships may be unclear
• What does less control over extraneous variables in field experiments lead to?

  Uncertainty in cause-and-effect relationships
• What is a common characteristic of field experiments?

  They take place in natural environments
• What are the implications of using artificial environments in research?

  • Findings may not reflect real-world scenarios
  • Results can be influenced by the setting
  • Generalizability of results is limited
• How do controlled environments affect the reliability of research findings?

  They increase reliability by minimizing variables
• What is the impact of demand characteristics in research?

  They can bias the results of the study
• What are the challenges of ecological validity in research?

  • Difficulty in applying findings to real life
  • Potential for artificial behavior in participants
  • Limitations in generalizing results
• What is a key factor that affects ecological validity?

  The naturalness of the environment
• Why might findings from laboratory experiments be less applicable to real life?

  Because they are conducted in artificial settings
• How does the controlled nature of laboratory experiments influence their findings?

  It allows for clearer cause-and-effect conclusions
• What are the implications of using natural environments in research?

  • Findings may be more applicable to real life
  • Results can be influenced by uncontrolled variables
  • Greater variability in participant behavior
• What is a common limitation of field experiments?

  Less control over extraneous variables
• How do artificial environments affect participant behavior?

  They may lead to unnatural responses
• What is the relationship between ecological validity and generalizability?

  Higher ecological validity leads to better generalizability
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using controlled environments in research?

  Strengths:

  • High control over variables
  • Clear cause-and-effect relationships

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Low ecological validity
  • Limited generalizability to real life
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using natural environments in research?

  Strengths:

  • High ecological validity
  • More generalizable findings

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Less control over variables
  • Potential for confounding factors
• What type of tasks does mundanerealism focus on?

  Non-natural/real-life tasks
• Why is ecological validity considered weak in mundane realism?

  Findings are not carried out in natural environments
• What is a challenge in establishing cause-and-effect relationships in mundanerealism?

  There are fewer controlled variables
• What does a lack of control in mundanerealism lead to?

  Difficulty in replicating field experiments
• How does weak ecological validity impact reliability in mundanerealism?

  It leads to lower reliability of findings
• What is a limitation of participant allocation in mundanerealism?

  Participants are not all located to conditions
• What does the lack of cause-and-effect relationships imply in mundanerealism?

  It complicates understanding variable interactions
• What is the definition of ecological validity?

  Whether study results can be generalized to real life
• How does ecological validity relate to the environment of a study?

  It depends on the naturalness of the study environment
• What is the relationship between cause-and-effect and ecological validity in research?

  Weak ecological validity complicates cause-and-effect understanding
• What does the term "mundanerealism" imply about research tasks?

  Research tasks reflect everyday life scenarios
• What is the significance of the environment in a study's ecological validity?

  It determines the generalizability of results
• How does the lack of manipulation of the IV affect research?

  It limits the ability to draw conclusions
• What does the relationship between variables indicate in mundanerealism?

  Changes in one variable affect another
• What is the main focus of cause-and-effect in research?

  Understanding how one variable influences another
• What does the term "real-life tasks" refer to in mundanerealism?

  Tasks that mimic everyday activities