correlations

• What does a correlation investigate?

  Whether two variables are related
• In a correlation, what is not changed or manipulated?

  The independent variable (IV)
• What are the three types of correlation relationships?

  Positive, negative, and no correlation
• What are the strengths of correlations?

  • Quick and economical
  • No need for controlled environment
  • Ethical investigation of naturally existing variables
• What is a limitation of correlations regarding cause and effect?

  They cannot establish cause and effect
• What is the third variable problem in correlations?

  Other variables may cause the relationship
• What does a correlation coefficient measure?

  • Strength of the correlation
  • Direction of the correlation
• What does a strong negative correlation indicate?

  Variables move in opposite directions strongly
• What does a weak positive correlation indicate?

  Variables move in the same direction weakly
• What is the range of a correlation coefficient?

  From -1.0 to 1.0
• What does a correlation coefficient of 0 indicate?

  No correlation between the variables
• What does a correlation coefficient of -1.0 indicate?

  A strong negative correlation
• What does a correlation coefficient of 1.0 indicate?

  A strong positive correlation
• What are the types of correlation coefficients?

  • Strong negative correlation
  • Weak negative correlation
  • No correlation
  • Weak positive correlation
  • Strong positive correlation