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Water
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Acids, Bases and Buffers
Biology Honors > Water
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Water is made out of
2
hydrogen
atoms and
1
oxygen
atom.
Oxygen
does not share.
Water molecules are
polar
, and the charges are
unevenly
distributed.
A hydrogen bond is formed between a
highly
electronegative
atom
of a
polar
molecule
and a
hydrogen.
One
hydrogen bond is weak, but
many
hydrogen bonds are strong.
Hydrogen bonds can
break
and
reform
easily.
Water is
polar.
A polar molecule is a molecule with
positive
and
negative
charged
regions.
In water,
electrons
are shared unequally.
Oxygen is
electronegative
, giving a partial
negative
charge.
Hydrogen
atoms get a partial
positive
charge.
Water is attracted to other
polar
molecules
as well as
ions.
Water is a
solution.
Water's
polarity
gives it the ability to
dissolve
both
ionic
compounds
and other
polar molecules.
Water has
cohesion
,
adhesion
and
surface
tension.
Cohesion is
water
attracted to other
water
molecules because of
hydrogen
bonding.
(like a puddle)
Adhesion:
water
attracted to other
polar
molecules.
(like sticking to surfaces)
Surface Tension:
water
being pulled
together
creating the smallest surface area possible. (floating)
Because water has both
adhesive
and
cohesive
properties,
capillary
action
is present.
Capillary action gives
plants
the ability to transfer
water
from
roots
to
leaves.
Capillary
action
is similar to water in a straw.
Specific Heat: the amount of heat that must be
absorbed
or
lost
before it actually changes
temperature.
Water has a
high
specific
heat
capacity.
Water can
absorb
or
release
large
amounts of
heat
with only a
slight
change
in its own
temperature.
Water stabilizes
temperature
in the entire world.
Water is
less
dense
as a
solid
(
ice
) because
hydrogen
bonds are
stable
in
ice.
Each molecule of water is bonded to
4
of its neighbors.
Solid (ice):
water
molecules
are
bonded
together - space between is
fixed.
Liquid (water):
water
molecules
are
constantly
bounding
and
rebounding
- space is
always
changing.
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