Water

• Water is made out of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
• Oxygen does not share.
• Water molecules are polar, and the charges are unevenly distributed.
• A hydrogen bond is formed between a highly electronegative atom of a polar molecule and a hydrogen.
• One hydrogen bond is weak, but many hydrogen bonds are strong.
• Hydrogen bonds can break and reform easily.
• Water is polar.
• A polar molecule is a molecule with positive and negative charged regions.
• In water, electrons are shared unequally.
• Oxygen is electronegative, giving a partial negative charge.
• Hydrogen atoms get a partial positive charge.
• Water is attracted to other polar molecules as well as ions.
• Water is a solution.
• Water's polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules.
• Water has cohesion, adhesion and surface tension.
• Cohesion is water attracted to other water molecules because of hydrogen bonding. (like a puddle)
• Adhesion: water attracted to other polar molecules. (like sticking to surfaces)
• Surface Tension: water being pulled together creating the smallest surface area possible. (floating)
• Because water has both adhesive and cohesive properties, capillary action is present.
• Capillary action gives plants the ability to transfer water from roots to leaves.
• Capillary action is similar to water in a straw.
• Specific Heat: the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost before it actually changes temperature.
• Water has a high specific heat capacity.
• Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature.
• Water stabilizes temperature in the entire world.
• Water is less dense as a solid (ice) because hydrogen bonds are stable in ice.
• Each molecule of water is bonded to 4 of its neighbors.
• Solid (ice): water molecules are bonded together - space between is fixed.
• Liquid (water): water molecules are constantly bounding and rebounding - space is always changing.