Geography globalisation and migration

• WHAT IS AN ASYLUM SEEKER?

  A person who tries to enter a country by claiming to be a victim of persecution or hardship
• WHAT IS AN ECONOMIC MIGRANT?

  A person seeking work in another country / area
• WHAT IS ETHNIC CLEANSING?

  When the actions of one ethnic or religious group force another such group to flee their homes, either by eviction or through intimidation and fear for their lives
• WHAT IS FOREIGN INVESTMENT?

  When a company or government becomes involved in the economy of another country
• WHAT IS GLOBAL ECONOMY?

  The increasing economic interdependence of countries, driven by the international spread of capitalism
• WHAT IS OUTSOURCING?

  A practice used by some companies to obtain goods or services from an outside supplier, rather than providing those goods ad services themselves
• WHAT ARE PRODUCTION CHAINS?

  Consists of a number of stages involved in the making of a particular product
• WHAT IS A REFUGEE?

  A person whose reasons for migrating are due to fear of persecution or death
• WHAT IS GLOBALISATION?

  A primarily economic process, increasing the integration of national markets for goods and services into a single global economy or market
• WHAT IS MIGRATION?

  The movement of people from one place to another to live or work
• WHAT ARE PULL FACTORS?

  Reasons to move TO a country
• WHAT ARE PUSH FACTORS?

  Reasons to move AWAY from a country
• WHAT IS INTERNAL MIGRATION?

  Migration within a country
• WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION?

  Migration between countries
• WHAT IS RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION?

  Migration from the countryside into cities
• WHAT IS AN IMMIGRANT?

  A person who has moved into another country
• WHAT IS AN EMMIGRANT?

  A person who has left a country to migrate to another
• WHAT IS THE RIGHT OF ASYLUM?

  Protection given to a political refugee by a country
• WHAT ARE THE FIVE FLOWS OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY?

  • trade
  • aid
  • foreign investment
  • labour
  • information
• EXAMPLES OF PUSH FACTORS

  • harsh climate
  • inaccessibility
  • divorce
  • ill health
  • unemployment
  • poverty
  • heavy taxes
  • shortage of housing
  • civil war
  • ethnic cleansing
• EXAMPLES OF PULL FACTORS

  • cheap land
  • no hazards
  • marriage or family ties
  • plenty of work
  • high wages
  • better lifestyle
  • good welfare services
  • personal security
  • freedom of speech
• WHO ARE THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF)

  An organisation of 188 countries who work to promote financial cooperation between countries to reduce poverty
• WHO ARE THE UNITED NATIONS (UN)

  • Known as the 'guardian of international peace, security and human rights'
  • promotes the development of poorer nations through work wiht the IMF and World Bank.
• WHO ARE THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION (WTO)

  Deals with the rules of trade between countries ensuring trade flows freely
• WHO ARE THE WORLD BANK

  • An important source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries.
  • their main aim is to reduce poverty
• WHAT IS A TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATION (TNC)

  • a global company
  • operates in more than one country
  • headquarters are often in HICs with factories in LICs where workers are cheaper
• POSITIVES OF TNCs

  • provides a guaranteed income for people
  • brings in foreign currency, which helps the country to develop
  • provides jobs for local people
  • improves people's skills
  • leads to development of local raw materials
  • leads to development of infrastructure
• NEGATIVES OF TNCs

  • most profits go abroad and are not reinvested in the country
  • small number of local people employed
  • raw materials often exported
  • levels of pay are lower than elsewhere in the world
  • the operations of the company may cause environmental damage
• SOCIAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALISATION

  Positive social impacts

  • easier to travel in interconnected world for leisure to visit places

  negative social impacts

  • globalisation involves industrialisation, which leads to urbanisation, which increases overcrowing and crime levels.
• ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF GLOBALISATION

  Positive economic impacts

  • creates job opportunities in LICs

  Negative economic impacts

  • smaller local businesses can struggle to compete with TNCs
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALISATION

  Positive environmental impacts

  • Greenpeace and other NGOs help raise awareness of environmental issues globally.

  Negative environmental impacts

  • more development on greenfield sites leads to damaged habitats and increasing pollution
• POLITICAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALISATION

  Positive political impacts

  • growth of trading blocs allows goods and services to be sold without tariffs

  negative political impacts

  • economic difficulties in one country can easily impact other areas of the trading blocs.
• WHAT IS CARBON FOOTPRINT?

  the total amount of greenhouse gases produced as aresult of human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tonnes ofcarbon dioxide
• WHAT IS ECOTOURISM?

  a form of tourism that tries to minimise its impact on theenvironment; it is based on the use of local resources and labour, while itsprofits are enjoyed within the local area
• WHAT IS MASS TOURISM?

  Mass tourism: popular, large-scale tourism of the type pioneered insouthern Europe, the Caribbean, and North America in the 1960s and1970s
• POSITIVE IMPACTS OF MIGRATION FOR DESTINATION AREAS

  • The area gains more people that need employment and are more willing to take on menial work
  • Migrants often do many unskilled jobs for little wage so returns by employers on productivity can be realised
• NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF MIGRATION FOR DESTINATION AREAS

  • more strain on healthcare
  • more people to provide food for
  • rising hostility towards refugees because of the rising number coming to a certain country.
• CAUSES OF THE RISE OF TOURISM

  • economic : people have more disposable income
  • communication : mass media greater awareness of foreign places
  • transport : faster and cheaper
  • political : easy border controls for tourists
  • social : more leisure time and paid leave
• WHAT IS GEOPOLITICS?

  The study of the relationships(political and economic) between countries and the influence of geographical factors(distance, climate, resources, etc.) on these relationships. Therefore it is about the power and influence of individual countries over other countries.
• WHAT IS A TRADE BLOC?

  A group of countries that agrees to reduce / eliminate trade barriers among members.