EVALUATION

• We learn through information processing
• Humans process information like computer

  1. Input
  2. Processing
  3. Output
• THE APPROACH SUGGESTS THAT BEHAVIOUR IS A RESULT OF ( nature and nurture)
• Duration- How long a memory remains in a store for
• Capacity- The amount of information that can be stored in a memory store.
• Encoding- How information is transferred so it can be stored.
• Sensory Memory= Sperling (1960)

  • Showed Pp a grid of letters
  • Asked to recall 1 line or all
  • More successful at recalling 1 line accurately
• SHORT TERM MEMORY= Peterson & Peterson (1959)

  • Showed trigrams to Pp ( DHY)
  • Asked to recall after 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 secs
  • Longer duration= poorer recall
• LONG TERM MEMORY = Bahrick et al (1975)

  • Showed Pp a selection of names and faces of people in their high school yearbooks
  • 70 to 80 percent were accurate 48 years later
• Sensory - Rapid decay
• Short term- Decay displacement
• Long term- Interference/ Decay/ Retreival failure
• Context dependent recall- memory refers to improved recall of information when contextual cues relating to the environment are the sane during the encoding and retrieval.
• State dependent recall- Refers to improved recall of information when cues relating to emotional and physical state are the same during the encoding retrieval.
• 4 TYPES OF PRIMING

  1. Positive
  2. Negative
  3. Associative
  4. Semantic
• 1.Positive- Exposure to one stimulus speeds up your reaction to another.

  • This increases response time an reduces error rate
• 2. Negative- When exposure to one stimulus slows down your reaction to another

  • Decreased response time and an increased error rate
• 3. Associative- Using two stimuli that are normally associated with one another.

  • Exposure to one, makes it easier to remember the other
• 4. Semantic- Involves being able to identify something quicker because the target and the prime are similiar.
• SCHEMAS:

  1. Leading questions
  2. Confabulation
  3. Rationalisation
  4. Shortening
• COGNITIVE BIASES

  1. Fundamental Attribution Error
  2. Confirmation Bias
  3. Hostile Attribution Bias
• 1. FAE- When we under emphasise our own behaviour and exaggerate the intentions of others
• 2. Confirmation bias - We tend to look for information which confirms what we already believe.
• 3. Hostile attribution bias – when people interpret ambiguous situations as hostile or aggressive
• SCHEMA- A mental parcel of information.
• Weaknesses of the approach

  • Some concepts are abstract.
  • The approach does not consider how so behaviour is due to biological or predetermined factor.
  • Many concepts are too simple to explain.
• Strengths of the approach

  • It's holistic- It takes into account nature and nurture.
  • We can test features of memory stores in scientific way through lab experiments.
  • We can use concepts to help people improve their memory.