Applications in agriculture and conservation

• What is the definition of plant cloning?

  Creating genetically identical copies of plants
• What are the two main techniques of plant cloning?

  • Vegetative Propagation
  • Tissue Culture
• What is tissue culture?

  Growing plant cells or tissues in a lab
• Why is plant cloning considered vital for modern farming?

  It enhances crop production and quality
• What is one benefit of cloning in agriculture?

  Consistent high-quality produce
• How does cloning ensure consistent high-quality produce?

  It creates identical plants producing uniform crops
• What is another benefit of cloning in agriculture?

  Disease resistance
• What is vegetative propagation?

  Growing new plants from existing parts
• How does cloning contribute to disease resistance?

  It allows propagation of disease-resistant varieties
• Why is uniform growth beneficial in agriculture?

  It simplifies harvesting by maturing plants at the same rate
• Where is the initial tissue sample obtained from in the diagram?

  Parent plant
• What are the advantages of tissue culture compared to vegetative propagation?

  Creates many plants and disease-free specimens
• What two things does the agar growth medium contain?

  Nutrients and auxins
• How does cloning ensure consistent quality in crops?

  It provides uniform appearance and taste
• Compare vegetative propagation and tissue culture in terms of speed and production.

  • Vegetative Propagation:
  • Easier and faster
  • Tissue Culture:
  • Allows mass production of healthy plants
• What are the main benefits of plant cloning in agriculture?

  • Propagation of high-value crops
  • Disease-free plants for better harvests
  • Consistent quality in appearance and taste
• How does plant cloning affect disease resistance?

  It starts with disease-free plants
• What is a key advantage of vegetative propagation?

  It is simple and quick
• What are the key considerations for sustainable use of plant cloning?

  • Careful management is essential
  • Balancing benefits and drawbacks
  • Monitoring genetic diversity and resource use
• What is a potential drawback of plant cloning regarding disease?

  It can lead to disease outbreaks in clones
• What is a third benefit of cloning in agriculture?

  Uniform growth
• What is placed in the sterile container along with the plant tissue?

  Nutrient-rich agar medium with growth hormones
• What is a benefit of plant cloning regarding resource use?

  It can require less water and fertilizer
• What is the purpose of the calluses stage in plant growth?

  • Calluses are undifferentiated cells that form during plant tissue culture
  • They allow the plant to develop into a new plantlet
• How does cloning improve agricultural productivity?

  • Ensures identical plants for uniform crops
  • Propagates disease-resistant varieties
  • Simplifies harvesting with uniform growth
  • Increases crop production from superior plants
• What are the benefits of cloning in agriculture?

  • Consistent high-quality produce
  • Disease resistance
  • Uniform growth
  • Increased yield
• What is a drawback of plant cloning related to resource use?

  It may deplete local resources if unmanaged
• What is the fourth benefit of cloning in agriculture?

  Increased yield
• How does cloning lead to increased yield?

  It propagates superior plants for higher production
• What develops from the tissue samples in the agar growth medium?

  Tiny plantlets
• What is the tissue sample placed into after being scraped from the parent plant?

  Agar growth medium
• What are the three stages of plant growth shown in the image?

  Explants, calluses, and plantlets
• What is the purpose of the plantlets stage in plant growth?

  • Plantlets are the small, young plants that develop from the calluses
  • They will eventually grow into mature, adult plants
• Where are the plantlets planted after they develop?

  Compost
• What are the stages of the plant tissue culture process shown in the diagram?

  • Tissue sample is scraped from parent plant.
  • Tissue sample is placed in agar growth medium containing nutrients and auxins.
  • Samples develop into tiny plantlets.
  • Plantlets planted into compost.
• What are the key differences between explants, calluses, and plantlets in plant tissue culture?

  • Explants are the initial plant material used to start tissue culture
  • Calluses are undifferentiated cells that form from the explants
  • Plantlets are the small, young plants that develop from the calluses
• What is the purpose of the petri dish shown in the image?

  To provide a controlled environment for the plant tissue culture process
• What is plant tissue culture?

  Plant tissue culture:

  • A method of asexual plant propagation.
  • A small piece of plant tissue is used to grow a whole new plant.
  • The tissue is grown in a sterile environment on a nutrient-rich medium.
• If you wanted to propagate a plant using tissue culture, which stage would you start with?

  Explants
• What is a benefit of starting with disease-free plants?

  Better harvests