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Biology Honors
Macromolecules
Proteins
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Enzymes
Biology Honors > Macromolecules > Proteins
28 cards
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Proteins have
carbon
,
hydrogen
,
oxygen
, &
nitrogen.
Proteins: most
diverse
structure
&
function.
Proteins account for more than
50%
of the
dry
mass
of most cells.
Protein functions are
enzymatic
proteins
,
structural
support
,
storage
transport
,
cellular
communications
, &
defense
against
foreign
substances.
Protein's monomer is
Amino
Acids.
Amino Acids: organic molecules with
carboxyl
and
amino
groups.
There are
20
amino acids and their properties differ due to different
side
chains.
There are an
infinite
possibilites of proteins.
Amino
acid
structure.
Proteins are linked by
peptide
bonds.
Polypeptides are a
polymer
of amino acids.
Polypeptides are a string of
amino
acids
and not a
protein
, but they can become a
protein.
Protein: biologically functional molecule that consists of
one
or
more
polypeptides.
Functional
Proteins consist of one or more
polypeptides
that are twisted, folded, or coiled into a unique shape.
There are
four
levels of protein structure.
Primary
Structure
: unique sequence of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds.
Secondary
Structure
: 3-D folding of primary structure into coils and pleats held by hydrogen bonds.
Proteins are not functional at the
primary
and
secondary
structure.
Tertiary
Structure
: bent & folded into an arrangement of linked polypeptides (R group interactions).
Some proteins are functional in the
tertiary
structure like
enzymes.
Quaternary
Structure
: when a protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains.
Structure
matters.
Hemoglobin: a
globular
protein
consisting of
four
polypeptides
, two
alpha
and two
beta
chains.
Slight change in
primary
structure
can affect a protein's
structure
and
ability
to
function
responsibly for building & breaking things.
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