Somatic cell nuclear transfer

• What are the key components and their roles in SCNT?

  • Somatic Cell: Donates DNA (100% genetic contribution)
  • Egg Cell: Provides cytoplasm (0% genetic contribution)
  • Recipient Animal: Hosts development (0% genetic contribution)
• What is the genetic contribution of the recipient animal in SCNT?

  0%
• What is the genetic contribution of the egg cell in SCNT?

  0%
• What is the role of the recipient animal in SCNT?

  Hosts development
• What is the genetic contribution of the somatic cell in SCNT?

  100%
• How does SCNT benefit livestock breeding?

  Ensures consistent traits in offspring
• What are the agricultural applications of SCNT?

  • Livestock Breeding: Cloning prize animals for consistent traits
  • Crop Improvement: Speeds up propagation of superior plants
• How does SCNT contribute to crop improvement?

  Accelerates propagation of genetically superior plants
• What is the role of the somatic cell in SCNT?

  Donates DNA
• What is the purpose of the low-nutrient culture medium shown in the image?

  To starve the donor cells and arrest their growth cycle
• How does SCNT aid genetic research?

  Allows controlled study of gene function
• What microscope technique was likely used to remove the nucleus from the egg cell?

  • Micropipette used to remove nucleus from egg cell
• What is the name of the sheep that was cloned in the image?

  Dolly
• What is the role of the egg cell in SCNT?

  Provides cytoplasm
• What can SCNT produce?

  A new cloned organism or patient-specific tissues
• What is the role of SCNT in agriculture and research?

  Enhances efficiency and provides valuable insights
• What are the key differences between the donor cells and the recipient egg cell in the cloning process?

  • Donor cells are from an adult Finn Dorset ewe, while the egg cell is an unfertilized cell
  • Donor cells have a complete set of DNA, while the egg cell has had its nucleus removed
  • Donor cells are in the normal growth cycle, while the egg cell is arrested in its growth cycle
• What is the primary purpose of somatic cell nuclear transfer?

  To create a genetically identical organism
• What are the key steps in the cloning process shown in the image?

  • Nucleus removed from adult Finn Dorset ewe
  • Unfertilized egg cell with nucleus removed
  • Nucleus from ewe inserted into egg cell
  • Egg cell with donor nucleus electrically stimulated
  • Embryo implanted into surrogate Scottish Blackface ewe mother
  • Lamb ("Dolly") born, genetically identical to Finn Dorset ewe
• What are the key components shown in the image?

  • Nucleus
  • Denucleated egg cell
• What type of sheep was used as the surrogate mother for the cloned lamb?

  Adult Scottish Blackface ewe
• What fairness concerns arise from SCNT?

  Questions about the justness of cloning livestock
• What are the benefits of SCNT applications in agriculture and research?

  • Maintains desirable traits in livestock
  • Accelerates propagation of superior crops
  • Allows controlled studies of gene functions
  • Provides specific models for disease research
• What is the goal of SCNT?

  Either reproductive or therapeutic cloning
• What are the research applications of SCNT?

  • Genetic Research: Study specific gene functions
  • Disease Modeling: Develop treatments using cloned models
• How does SCNT impact animal welfare?

  It can lead to poor health and high mortality
• How does SCNT achieve its goal?

  By transferring nucleus from a somatic cell
• What are the key steps in the process shown in the image?

  1. Nucleus is extracted from a cell
  2. Egg cell is denucleated (nucleus removed)
  3. Nucleus is fused with the denucleated egg cell
  4. This creates a new organism with the genetic material from the nucleus
• How does SCNT assist in disease modeling?

  Provides patient-specific models for research
• What are the ethical concerns associated with SCNT?

  • Animal Welfare: Poor health and high mortality in clones
  • Fairness: Justness of cloning livestock
  • Consent: Lack of consent from cloned animals
  • Safety: Unknown long-term effects and health risks
• What is the purpose of fusing the nucleus with the denucleated egg cell?

  To create a new organism with the genetic material from the nucleus
• What is the process shown in the image?

  Nucleus fused with denucleated egg cell
• Why is consent an ethical concern in SCNT?

  Animals cannot give consent for cloning
• What is the outcome of reproductive cloning?

  A new, cloned organism
• How does reproductive cloning achieve its goal?

  By transferring nucleus to an enucleated egg cell
• What is the goal of reproductive cloning?

  Create a genetically identical copy
• What are the key stages involved in somatic cell nuclear transfer?

  Nucleus isolation, egg enucleation, nuclear transfer, activation
• What are the three essential components of SCNT?

  Somatic cell nucleus, enucleated egg cell, recipient animal
• What is the first step in the cloning process?

  Isolate somatic cell nucleus
• What is the outcome of therapeutic cloning?

  New tissues to treat diseases without immune rejection