Ethnicity

• Who found that black pupils are disciplined more harshly?

  Gillborn & Youdell
• Why are Asian pupils often excluded from discussions?

  They are treated as passive by teachers
• What assumption did Wright (1992) make about Asian pupils?

  They had weak English skills
• What did Bhatt (1999) find about ethnic minority pupils?

  They felt ignored and unfairly punished
• What are the three pupil identities identified by Archer (2008)?

  1. Ideal Pupils: white, middle-class
  2. Pathologised Pupil: Asian, hard-working but culture-bound
  3. Demonised Pupil: black or white working class
• What does institutional racism in disciplinary policies lead to?

  Disproportionate punishment of black students
• Who discussed marketisation and segregation in schools?

  Moore & Davenport
• How does school selection affect minority students?

  It favors white students, disadvantaging minorities
• What does the educational triangle by Gillborn & Youdell (2011) do to black students?

  Places them in lower sets due to pressure
• What did the Swann Report (1985) criticize?

  Ethnocentric curriculum
• What did the Macpherson Report (1999) define?

  Institutional racism
• What are the four types of pupil subcultures identified by Sewell (1998)?

  Rebels, Conformists, Retreatists, Innovators
• What are the characteristics of the four pupil subcultures identified by Sewell (1998)?

  • Rebels: Anti-school, black macho tactics
  • Conformists: Accepts rules and norms
  • Retreatists: Disconnected from school culture
  • Innovators: Pro-education but anti-school
• What did Mirza (1992) identify about teacher racism?

  It includes color-blind attitudes and low expectations
• What is the National Curriculum criticized for according to David Gaas?

  Being specifically British
• How does the history curriculum portray black people?

  As inferior
• What are the evaluations of the factors affecting achievement in education?

  1. Internal factors are overemphasized
  2. Many Indian & Chinese students outperform whites
  3. Some ethnic minorities resist labels and stereotypes
• What is a criticism of focusing on internal factors in education?

  It overlooks external factors like peer pressure
• Which ethnic groups are noted for outperforming whites?

  Indian & Chinese students
• What do some ethnic minorities do regarding labels and stereotypes?

  They resist them