Ethics

• What is the responsibility of researchers in psychology towards participants?

  To look after their participants
• What are participants' rights in psychological research?

  To be informed and give consent
• Who writes the ethical guidelines in America for psychologists?

  The American Psychological Association
• What organization is responsible for ethical guidelines in the UK?

  The British Psychological Society
• What is the nature of the BPS's ethical guidelines?

  They are advisory and can be bent
• What happens if a psychologist seriously mistreats participants?

  They may be expelled from the BPS
• What is informed consent in psychological research?

  Participants must understand the study's aims
• What should participants be informed about before a study?

  Aims, purpose, and consequences of research
• What is the right to withdraw in research?

  Participants can end their participation anytime
• What must researchers do if participants withdraw?

  Destroy any personal data collected
• What does protection from harm entail for researchers?

  Considering risks to participants' well-being
• What must be kept confidential in psychological research?

  Personal records of participants
• When can confidentiality be broken?

  If a participant or others are in danger
• What is debriefing in psychological research?

  A conversation after the study explaining everything
• What should be included in a debriefing?

  Reasons for research and checking for harm
• What ethical issues can psychologists face?

  Balancing participants' rights and valid data
• How did Milgram's study breach ethical guidelines?

  It deceived participants and caused harm
• What is demand characteristics in research?

  Participants alter behavior due to awareness
• What are alternatives to informed consent?

  Prior general consent, retroactive, presumptive consent
• What is a cost-benefit analysis in research?

  Comparing costs to participants with benefits to society
• Why is Milgram's study considered influential despite ethical issues?

  It teaches about authority and moral limits
• What is the role of an ethics committee in research?

  To evaluate research based on ethical principles
• What happens at the end of a study regarding ethical issues?

  Debriefing participants about deception and harm
• What are the key ethical guidelines in psychological research?

  • Informed consent
  • Right to withdraw
  • Protection from harm
  • Confidentiality
  • Debriefing
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using deception in psychological research?

  Strengths:

  • Reduces demand characteristics
  • Allows for more natural behavior

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Breaches informed consent
  • Can cause emotional distress
• What should be included in a debriefing form?

  • Purpose of the study
  • Any deception used
  • Right to withdraw data
  • Support for any harm caused
• What are the implications of ethical breaches in research?

  • Loss of credibility for researchers
  • Potential harm to participants
  • Legal consequences for institutions
• What is the significance of Milgram's study in psychology?

  • Explores authority and obedience
  • Raises ethical concerns in research
  • Influences understanding of moral limits