the kid knee

• what does the kidney do in excretion ?

  REMOVES urea & other nitrogenous waste (dead DNA cells, uric acid), excess water, salts, hormones, drugs
• liver produce urea, kidney removes urea
• volume & conc. of urin produced is affected by :

  • temperature
  • water intake
  • exercise
• when water intake is high, urine volume is high and urine conc. is low and
• when temperature is high, urine volume is low (due to sweat) and urine conc. is high
• when exercise is performed, urine volume is low (from sweat) and urine concentration is high
• urea is transported by the blood to the kidney where it it will be removed when filtered by the NEPHRON structure
• what is the function of the nephron?

  to filter blood
• what is the process done in the glomerulus in the bowman's capsule?

  ultrafiltration : substances pushed out under high pressure
• what does the glomerulus in the bowman's capsule filter?

  water, glucose, amino acid, urea, salts
• diameter of AFFERENT arteriole is larger than EFFERENT ARTERIOLE so the SMALLER MOLECULES are FORCED out of the glomerulus to the Bowman's Capsule forming the Glomerulus filtrate (water, glucose, amino acid, urea, salts) due to high pressure created [from large to small diameter)
• reabsorption starts from the smallest molecules i.e. amino acids and glucose through ACTIVE TRANSPORT (low to high conc.) , 100% reabsorbed

  
  

  reabsorption then happens to water through osmosis (high to low wp), not 100% reabsorbed

  
  

  lastly, salt is reabsorbed through diffusion (high to low conc.), not 100%
• Collecting Dust reabsorbs water no matter if water potential is high or low (hormones will signal the body to do this).

  This water will then be excreted as urine (unwanted excess salts, urea, uric acid)

  **uric acid is example of nitrogenous waste
• the 4 parts of the nephron :

  1. A)Glomerulus in Bowman's Capsule
  2. B) Bowman's Capsule / renal capsule
  3. C) Renal tubule
  4. D) Collecting Dust

  
• what are the 6 structures in a kidney?

  • cortex (outer layer of kidney)
  • medulla (2nd layer) **nephron is half in cortex & medulla
  • pyramid (big circle things)
  • pelvis (the one who holds it all tgt)
  • renal artery (AWAY FORM <3) & vein
  • ureter

  
• what is the function of the urethra?

  • to allow urine to pass OUT of the organism

  
• what is the function of the bladder?

  • to store urine

  
• there are four : kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra

  
• what is the function of the ureter?

  • to transport urine to the bladder (i.e. after filtration by the nephrons in the kidney)

  
• what is the process done by renal tubule ?

  • selective reabsorption (only reabsorbs amino acids, glucose, water, salts & mineral ions RESPECTIVELY)

  
• what is the function of Bowman's capsule / Renal capsule ?

  • collects glomerular filtrate (water, salts, amino acid, urea and glucose)

  
• renal artery (blood to kidney) -> AFFERENT ATERIOLE (where blood INTO Bowman's Capsule)-> EFFERENT ARTERIOLE( blood OUT of Bowman's Capsule ) -> renal vein (blood out of kidney)