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Cards (160)
What is a system made up of?
Interconnecting
parts
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What does the
irreducibility
of a system imply?
It cannot be broken down into
simpler
parts
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How do the parts of a system influence each other?
Through
necessary
and
dependent
relationships
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What keeps a system stable?
Interconnections
among its
parts
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What happens if one part of a system changes?
Other
parts
also
change
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What limits the amount of change a system can take?
Constraints
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What does it mean for a system to be open?
It relates to its
environment
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What is
systems theory
?
Interdisciplinary
study of systems
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What is a
media system
?
A
country's
complex structure of media
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How does a media system interact with other systems?
It shapes and is shaped by
political
and
economic
systems
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What influences media systems?
External factors like technology
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What is
path dependency
in media systems?
Past decisions influence future processes
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What are the four dimensions of media systems?
Media markets
Political parallelism
Media professionalization
Role of state/state intervention in media
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What does the media market dimension examine?
Production
,
financing
, and
consumption
of media
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What does
ownership concentration
in media markets refer to?
Dominance
by a few large companies
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What is the difference between mass market media and elite market media?
Mass market targets wide audiences
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What does
circulation of print media
indicate?
How widely newspapers and magazines are read
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Why is the importance of TV and digital media significant?
It influences how people get information
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How do media companies generate revenue?
Through advertising, subscriptions, and public funding
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What does media ownership concentration indicate?
High concentration or diverse ownership
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What characterizes the development of mass press?
Newspaper readership
characteristics
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What are horizontal processes in newspaper readership?
Addressing small elites with
sophisticated
content
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What is the implication of low circulation in South EU newspapers?
Elites
read news about other elites
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How are women historically affected by newspaper readership?
They were excluded from the
political sphere
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What does low newspaper circulation imply for the mass public?
They rely on
electronic media
for information
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What characterizes vertical newspaper processes?
Addressing the mass public, not politically engaged
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What is the media situation in North EU?
High
circulation
with strong
commercial
media
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What does political parallelism refer to?
Alignment
of media voices with political parties
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What is party-press parallelism?
Media structure parallels the
party system
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What does external pluralism in media indicate?
Range of media
outlets
reflecting
diverse
views
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What is internal pluralism in media?
Pluralism within individual
media outlets
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What is the governmental model of broadcasting?
Public broadcasting
controlled by the government
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What characterizes the professional model of broadcasting?
Insulation from
political interests
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What is the parliamentary model of broadcasting?
Control
divided among political parties
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What does the corporatist model of broadcasting involve?
Control shared with
social groups
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What does media professionalization refer to?
Rules
and norms of media operation
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What is instrumentalization in media?
Control by political or outside
actors
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What are distinct professional norms in journalism?
Specialized
career
distinct from other fields
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What does autonomy in journalism mean?
Editorial
independence from
political
interests
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What are professional norms and ethics in journalism?
Guidelines for
objectivity
and
fairness
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See all 160 cards
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