Biology chapter 4

• What process do plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy?

  Photosynthesis
• What factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light intensity, carbon dioxide, and temperature
• What is the primary product of photosynthesis?

  Glucose
• How does respiration relate to metabolism?

  Respiration is a part of metabolism
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic does not
• What is produced during aerobic respiration?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What is a common product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  Alcohol
• How does exercise affect respiration?

  Increases the rate of respiration
• What are the effects of prolonged exercise on anaerobic respiration?

  Leads to lactic acid buildup
• What are the key factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Temperature
• Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of energy production.

  • Aerobic respiration:
  • Produces more energy (ATP)
  • Requires oxygen
  • Anaerobic respiration:
  • Produces less energy (ATP)
  • Does not require oxygen
• What are the physiological effects of exercise on the body?

  • Increased heart rate
  • Enhanced oxygen delivery
  • Improved metabolic rate
  • Increased respiration rate
• What is the process by which plants convert light into energy?

  Photosynthesis
• What is the main purpose of photosynthesis in plants?

  To convert light energy into chemical energy
• What factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light intensity, carbon dioxide, and temperature
• If light intensity increases, what effect does it have on photosynthesis?

  It generally increases the rate of photosynthesis
• How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

  Higher concentrations can increase the rate of photosynthesis
• What role does temperature play in photosynthesis?

  Temperature affects enzyme activity involved in photosynthesis
• What happens to photosynthesis if one of the limiting factors is increased?

  The rate of photosynthesis may increase until another factor limits it
• What is a common byproduct of photosynthesis?

  Oxygen
• Why is photosynthesis important for life on Earth?

  It produces oxygen and organic compounds for food
• How do limiting factors interact to affect photosynthesis?

  They can combine to restrict the overall rate
• What does photosynthesis produce using light?

  Glucose and oxygen
• Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?

  In chloroplasts
• What pigments do chloroplasts contain to absorb light?

  Chlorophyll
• How is energy transferred to chloroplasts?

  By light from the environment
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water light glucose + oxygen
• What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO₂ + 6H₂O light C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• What is cellulose made from?

  Glucose
• What are the five main uses of glucose in plants?

  • For respiration
  • Making cellulose
  • Making amino acids
  • Stored as oils or fats
  • Stored as starch
• How does glucose help in respiration?

  It transfers energy for various processes
• How are amino acids made in plants?

  By combining glucose with nitrate ions
• Why do plants store glucose as starch?

  Starch is insoluble and better for storage
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light intensity, CO₂ concentration, temperature
• What does it mean if a factor is a limiting factor?

  It stops photosynthesis from happening faster
• What is the limiting factor at night?

  Light
• What is often the limiting factor in winter?

  Temperature
• What can also be a limiting factor of photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll