Genera Proteus, Providencia, Morganella

• What is the Gram stain result for Genus Proteus?

  Gram -ve
• What enzyme is Genus Proteus positive for?

  Urease
• What does urease do in Genus Proteus?

  Hydrolyzes urea to ammonia and CO2
• How does urease activity affect pH?

  It increases pH
• What type of motility does Genus Proteus exhibit when plated?

  Swarming motility
• Where is Genus Proteus commonly found?

  Natural flora of GI tract
• What are the main transmission routes for Genus Proteus?

  Person-to-person, sexual contact, contaminated surfaces
• What clinical manifestation is associated with Genus Proteus?

  Struvite stones formation
• What is a common odor associated with infections from Genus Proteus?

  Fish-smelling odor
• What type of infections does Genus Proteus commonly cause?

  Urinary tract infections (UTI)
• Which antibiotic is a fluoroquinolone used to treat Genus Proteus infections?

  Ciprofloxacin
• Which other genera also cause urinary tract infections?

  Providencia and Morganella
• What are the cultural features of Genus Proteus?

  • Gram -ve
  • Urease +ve
  • May form staghorn calculi
  • Swarming motility when plated
• What are the transmission methods for Genus Proteus?

  • Person-to-person
  • Sexual contact
  • Contact with infected individuals
  • Contact with contaminated surfaces or objects
• What are the treatment options for Genus Proteus infections?

  • Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
  • 3rd Generation Cephalosporins (e.g., Ceftriaxone)
  • Cotrimoxazole