Gram negative not-fermentative bacteria: Genus Pseudomonas

• What is the Gram stain result for the genus Pseudomonas?

  Gram -ve
• Is Pseudomonas lactose positive or negative?

  Lactose -ve
• What is the oxidase test result for Pseudomonas?

  Oxidase +ve
• What is the catalase test result for Pseudomonas?

  Catalase +ve
• What is the citrate test result for Pseudomonas?

  Citrate +ve
• What is the shape of Pseudomonas bacteria?

  Rod Shaped Bacilli
• What type of flagellum does Pseudomonas have?

  Monotrichous Flagellum
• What type of aerobe is Pseudomonas?

  Obligate Aerobe
• Is Pseudomonas fastidious or non-fastidious?

  Non-fastidious
• How fast does Pseudomonas grow?

  Very Fast Growth
• What pigment does Pseudomonas produce that causes blue-green pus?

  Pyocyanin
• What is the color of the pigment pyoverdine produced by Pseudomonas?

  Yellow-green
• What is the color of the pigment pyorubin produced by Pseudomonas?

  Red-brown
• What are the reservoirs for Pseudomonas?

  Water + Humid Conditions
• How is Pseudomonas transmitted?

  Contact with contaminated sources
• What role does the mucoid polysaccharide capsule play in Pseudomonas virulence?

  Facilitates adhesion to surfaces through biofilm formation
• What effect does endotoxin have in Pseudomonas infections?

  Leads to fever + shock
• How does exotoxin A affect host cells?

  Inactivates EF-2, inhibiting protein synthesis
• What is the function of phospholipase C in Pseudomonas?

  Degrades cell membranes
• What role do pyocyanin and pyoverdine play in Pseudomonas growth?

  They are siderophores that help in iron deficiency
• What are the clinical manifestations of Pseudomonas infections in the respiratory tract?

  Nosocomial pneumonia and chronic pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
• What skin infections are associated with Pseudomonas?

  Burn wound infections and hot tub folliculitis
• What eye conditions can Pseudomonas cause in contact lens wearers?

  Corneal ulcers and/or keratitis
• What is malignant otitis externa and who is at risk?

  Infection in elderly with diabetes
• What serious conditions can Pseudomonas cause in IV drug users?

  Endocarditis or osteomyelitis
• What is sepsis in relation to Pseudomonas infections?

  Systemic infection leading to organ failure
• What type of urinary tract infections can Pseudomonas cause?

  Nosocomial UTI
• What specimens are used for microbiological diagnosis of Pseudomonas?

  Blood, pus, swabs, water, medical devices
• What culture media is used for Pseudomonas diagnosis?

  Blood agar and McConkey agar
• What is the significance of blood agar in Pseudomonas culture?

  Shows beta-haemolysis
• What does McConkey agar indicate for Pseudomonas?

  Non-lactose fermenter
• What are the treatment options for Pseudomonas infections?

  • Carbapenems
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Monobactams
  • Polymyxins
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • 3rd or 4th Generation Cephalosporins
  • Extended-Spectrum Penicillin with Beta-lactamase inhibitors