1.1.2 Types of Processor

• CISC - Complex Instruction Set Computer
• RISC -Reduced Instruction Set Computers
• • Reduced Instruction Set Computer consists of a smaller instruction each instruction is approximately 1 line of machine code
  • Each instruction takes one clock cycle to execute which makes it more suitable for pipelining
• RISC is mainly used in laptops and mobiles
• advantages of RISC:

  Lower power consumption as it has a small instruction set

  Lower cost as it has a simple design

  more suitable to pipelining as it only has 1 line of machine code
• disadvantages of RISC

  takes up more space in memory

  the compiler has to do more work to translate high level code into machine code.
• CISC In these processors there is a large instruction set. The aim is to try and accomplish tasks in as few lines of assembly code as possible. These instructions are built into the hardware.
• advantages of CISC:

  Higher performance than RISC

  The compiler has less work to translate high level code into machine code.

  Less RAM is required since code is shorter
• disadvantages of CISC:

  more complex to program as it has more complex and varied instruction set

  more complex to debug,

  more complex to understand

  more expensive

  requires more power as it has more lines in assembly code

  challenging to do pipelining as it has multiple lines in assembly code
• Multi-core CPUs have multiple independent cores that can complete instructions separately whilst doing those instructions simultaneously which results in higher performance
• "Parallel systems accomplish multiple tasks separately while doing the instructions simultaneously. Instead of requiring multiple cores, they can complete tasks with a single core by using threading
• Generally, multi-core systems perform better in larger projects than parallel systems as the use of threading in parallel systems can result in bottle neck
• A bottleneck occurs when a specific component or process in a system restricts the overall speed or efficiency of the entire system's performance.
• GPUs are a type of secondary processors that that work together to complete one graphic related job effectively in a short amount of time by splitting the job into subtasks and each processor complete the subtask it is given so that the overall job can be completed quickly