Light independent stage of photosynthesis

• In the light independent stage, carbon dioxide reacts with RuBP to form two molecules of GP, which is catalysed by Rubisco.
• GP is then reduced to TP using ATP and the H+ from reduced NADP.
• Some of the carbon from TP leaves the cycle to convert organic substances.
• Some TP is converted to sucrose, starch and cellulose.
• Some TP is used to synthesize amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol.
• TP is used to regenerate RuBP.
• energy from ATP (produced in LDR) is needed for the regeneration of RuBP
• hydrogen from NADPH (produced in the LDR) is needed for reduction of glycerate 3-phosphate/ GP to triose phosphate.