Enzymes & Digestion

• what are enzymes ?

  Biological catalysts
• what is a catalyst ?

  a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction
• what are enzymes important for ?

  metabolism of living organisms
• what are enzymes made from ?

  protein
• what happens when an enzyme loses its shape ?

  it denatures
• label this diagram about the lock and key theory

  A) substrate

  B) key

  C) active site

  D) enzyme

  E) lock

  
• what is enzyme specificty ?

  the ability of an enzyme to selectively bind and catalyze a specific substrate or group of substrates.
• what are 2 things that affect the enzyme function ?

  Temperature and pH
• why do enzymes work better at a higher temperature ?

  more kinetic energy and more collisions between the enzymes and substrate molecules
• what is the temperature that the enzymes work fastest ?

  optimum temperature
• describe this graph about temperature and enzymes

  A) low temprature, low kinetic energy and fewer collisions

  B) optimum temperature, rate of reaction highest

  C) enzymes become denatured when rate of reaction decrease

  
• for our investigation of amylase, what is it catalysing ?

  the breakdown of starch to maltose
• for our investigation what do we use to test for starch ?

  iodine
• what does increasing or decreasing the pH cause to the bonds in enzymes ?

  the bonds holding the protein together break
• what happens when the bonds holding the protein breaks ?

  enzymes denatures
• what is the optimum pH of enzymes ?

  often pH 7
• what does amylase convert starch into ?

  maltose
• what does maltase convert maltose into ?

  glucose
• what is the enzyme that starch uses ?

  amylase
• what is the enzyme that maltose uses ?

  maltase
• what does proteases convert protein into ?

  amino acids
• what does lipases. convert lipids into ?

  Fatty acids and glycerol
• what is the enzyme that proteins use ?

  proteases
• what is the enzyme that lipids use ?

  lipases
• where is bile produced ?

  Liver
• where is bile stored ?

  gall blader
• where is bile released into ?

  Small intestine
• what is bile ?

  an alkaline
• what does Bile do ?

  • neutralises hydrochloric acid in the stomach
  • breaks fat into tiny droplets
• what is another word for breaking fats into tiny droplets ?

  emulsifies
• what are the 2 sets of muscles that control peristalsis ?

  Circular and longitudinal muscles.
• what is peristalsis ?

  Muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system
• peristalsis is the mechanism by which food is moved along the alimentary canal