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Crop protection
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Cards (16)
Effect of weeds
Competition
for crop plants, while other pests and diseases
damage
crop plants all of this decreases
productivity
Properties of annual weeds
rapid
growth
,
short
lifecycle
,
high
seed
output
,
long-term
seed
viability
Properties of perennial weeds
Competitive
adaptations -
storage
organs
and
vegetative
reproduction
Most of the pests of crop plants are...
Invertebrates
-
insects
,
nematode
worms and
molluscs
How can plant disease be caused?
fungi
,
bacteria
or
viruses
, which are often
carried
by
invertebrates
Cultural methods of crop protection
Ploughing
,
weeding
,
crop
rotation
Selective herbicide has a better effect on
certain
plant species e.g
broad
leaved
weeds
Systemic herbicide
spreads
through
vascular
system
of plant and
prevents
regrowth
Systemic
insecticides
,
molluscicides
and
nematicides
, spreads through?
vascular
system of plants and kill
pests
feeding
on plants
Systemic
fungicides
absorbed
by the plant and therefore
not
washed
away by the rain. They only kill fungi that are
affecting
the crop plant.
Applications of fungicide
based on
disease
forecasts
are often more
effective
than
treating
diseased
crops
Problems with pesticides:
toxicity
to
non-target species
persistence
in the
environment
bioaccumulation
or
biomagnification
in
food
chains
producing
resistant populations
of pests.
ways to control weeds, other pests and diseases
biological control
+
integrated pest management
biological control
the control agent is a
natural predator
,
parasite
or
pathogen
Integrated pest management is....
combination
of
chemical
,
biological
and
cultural
control.
Risks with biological control.
The control organism may become an
invasive species
,
parasitise
,
prey
on or be a
pathogen
of
other
species.
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