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chem 4
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Cards (109)
What do metals react with to form metal oxides?
Oxygen
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Why are these reactions called oxidation reactions?
Because
metals
gain
oxygen
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What does reduction involve in terms of oxygen?
Loss
of
oxygen
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What does oxidation involve in terms of oxygen?
Gain
of oxygen
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What do metal atoms form when they react with other substances?
Positive ions
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How is the reactivity of a metal related to its ions?
It relates to forming
positive
ions
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What is the order of reactivity for the metals listed?
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Zinc
Iron
Copper
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How does potassium react with water?
Violently
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How does sodium react with water?
Very
quick
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How does lithium react with water?
Quick
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How does calcium react with water?
More
slow
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How does calcium react with dilute acid?
Very
quick
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How does magnesium react with dilute acid?
Quick
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How does zinc react with dilute acid?
Fairly
slow
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How does iron react with dilute acid?
More
slow
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How does copper react with dilute acid?
Very slow
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Which non-metals are often included in the reactivity series?
Hydrogen
and
carbon
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What can a more reactive metal do to a less reactive metal?
Displace
it from a compound
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Why is gold found as the metal itself?
It is very
unreactive
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How are most metals found in the Earth?
As
compounds
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What do acids produce when they react with some metals?
A
salt
and
hydrogen
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How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?
By
reduction
with carbon
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What type of reactions occur when acids react with metals?
Redox reactions
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What does reduction involve in terms of oxygen?
Loss
of
oxygen
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How can you identify which substances are oxidized and reduced in a reaction?
By looking at
electrons
gained and lost
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What does OIL RIG stand for in redox reactions?
Oxidation is loss, reduction is
gain
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What does OIL RIG stand for?
Oxidation
Is Loss,
Reduction
Is Gain
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What is the ionic equation for magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid?
Mg
-> Mg
2
+
^{2+}
2
+
+ 2e
−
^{-}
−
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What happens to magnesium in the reaction with hydrochloric acid?
Magnesium is
oxidized
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What happens to sodium when it is oxidised?
It loses an
electron
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What is the ionic equation for oxidised sodium?
Na ->
Na+
+
e-
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What is the ionic equation for hydrogen in the reaction with hydrochloric acid?
2H
+
^{+}
+
+
2e
−
^{-}
−
-> H
2
_{2}
2
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What does it mean when magnesium is oxidized and hydrogen is reduced in the same reaction?
It indicates a
redox reaction
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What do acids react with to produce salts and water?
Alkalis and
bases
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What happens to sodium +1 ion when it is reduced?
It gains an
electron
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What is the general equation for the neutralization of acids by alkalis?
Acid
+ alkali -> salt + water
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What is the ionic equation for reduced sodium?
Na+
+
e-
-> Na
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What do acids produce when they react with metal carbonates?
Salts
, water, and
carbon dioxide
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What is the general equation for the reaction of acids with metal carbonates?
Acid
+ metal carbonate -> salt + water +
carbon dioxide
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What should the charges on each side of an ionic equation do?
Add up to the
same number
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