observations

• naturalistic: observing behaviour in its natural context
• controlled: observing behaviour in a controlled context
• overt: when people are aware that they are being observed, and the observer is in sight
• covert: when participants are unaware of them being observed, the observer is not in sight
• non-participant: watching everyday behaviour as it happens
• participant: when the observer is a participant within the study, and gathers data observing the behaviour of others
• adv of naturalistic: authentic behaviour, high ecological validity
• disadvantages of naturalistic: difficult to set up and control
• disadvantages of participant: ethical implications of assuming an identity