Philippines History

• The Spanish government was not interested in the Philippines, but they were concerned about their trade with China.
• Emilio Aguinaldo led the revolutionaries and declared independence on June 12, 1898.
• In 1896, the Katipunan launched an armed revolt against Spain, known as the Philippine Revolution or the Cry of Balintawak.
• The Spanish government was not able to control the Filipino population, leading to rebellions.
• Spain gained control over the islands through military force and diplomacy, establishing a system of governance that lasted until the end of the colonial period.
• The Spanish conquest was marked by the Battle of Mactan on April 27, 1521, where Magellan died at the hands of Lapulapu.
• Spain's main interest in the Philippines was to establish a base for its galleons (trade ships) that sailed from Acapulco, Mexico to Manila every year.
• In 1564, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived in Cebu and established a settlement there.
• Legazpi then moved his capital to Manila in 1570, which became the center of trade between Asia and Europe.
• Legazpi founded the city of Intramuros in Manila Bay in 1571, making it the capital of the colony.
• The first governor-general appointed by King Philip II was Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who arrived in Cebu City in March 1565.
• The Spaniards established a colony called Nueva España (New Spain), which included the Philippines, Guam, and other Pacific Islands.
• Spanish colonization had significant impacts on Philippine society, including changes in language, culture, economy, politics, education, and social structure.
• The Spanish established settlements in Cebu, Manila, and other parts of the archipelago.
• Spanish colonization had significant impacts on the economy, culture, language, education, and social organization of the Philippines.
• The Spaniards introduced Christianity to the Philippines, which became the dominant religion among Filipinos.
• In 1543, Ruy López de Villalobos named the islands "Las Islas Filipinas" in honor of Prince Philip II of Spain.
• During this time, the Philippines experienced both positive and negative effects due to its association with Spain.
• José Rizal was a Filipino political leader and author known as José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda.
• José Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Philippines.
• José Rizal died on December 30, 1896, in Manila, Philippines, at the age of 35.
• José Rizal was the founder of the Liga Filipina.
• José Rizal is notable for his works “The Reign of Greed” and “The Social Cancer”.
• José Rizal was educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid.
• José Rizal was a brilliant medical student who committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country, though he never advocated Philippine independence.
• Most of José Rizal's writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892.
• In 1887, José Rizal published his first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social Cancer), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines.
• A sequel to Noli me tangere, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed), established José Rizal's reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement.
• José Rizal published an annotated edition (1890; reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines had a long history before the coming of the Spaniards.
• José Rizal became the leader of the Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad, published in Barcelona.
• José Rizal's political program included integration of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Cortes (the Spanish parliament), the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law.