Transition metals

• What are transition metals defined by?


  Elements in the d-block with partially filled d-orbital
• What is a complex in chemistry?

  A central metal ion surrounded by ligands

  
• What is the coordination number in a complex?

  Number of coordinate bonds around the metal ion
• Why can NH₃ and H₂O be exchanged in ligand substitution?

  They are similar in size and uncharged
• What shape do complexes with Cl^- ligands form?

  Tetrahedral shape
• What is the role of haem in the body?

  Transport oxygen around the body
• What is the chelate effect?

  • Positive entropy change is favorable
  • More moles on the right than left
  • Substituting unidentate with bidentate or multidentate ligands
• What shape do tetrahedral complexes form?

  • Bond angle of 109.5°
  • Formed with larger ligands like Cl^-
• What are the side effects of cisplatin?

  Causes hair loss among other effects
• How does color arise in transition metal ions?

  From absorbed and reflected light wavelengths
• What is the formula to calculate the change in energy?

  ΔE corresponds to wavelength and frequency

  
• What colors do different oxidation states of vanadium produce?

  • +5: Yellow
  • +4: Blue
  • +3: Green
  • +2: Violet
• What pH conditions are required for reduction of transition metals?

  Acidic conditions
• What does Tollens reagent test for?

  Presence of aldehydes
• What is a catalyst?

  Speeds up reaction rate without being used

  
• Why do transition metals make good catalysts?

  Due to their variable oxidation states
• What is adsorption in the context of catalysts?

  Molecules adhere to active sites on catalysts
• What is a homogeneous catalyst?

  In the same phase as reactants
• How does a homogeneous catalyst change the reaction path?

  Produces a reactive intermediate