KK4: Health status

• Health status is an individual's or a population's overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
• Life expectancy is an indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
• Mortality refers to deaths, often at a population level
• Morbidity refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group
• Years Lost Due to Disability (YLD) is a measure of how many healthy years are lost due to illness, injury or disability (non-fatal component of DALYs)
• Years of Life Lost (YLL) is a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death (fatal component of DALYs)
• Difference between YLL and YLD is that YLL refers to a fatal outcome and YLD refers to ill health or injury
• Rate of hospitalisation is episodes of hospital care that start with admission and end at transfer, discharge or death
• Core activity limitation is when an individual has difficulty, or requires assistance with any of: self-care, mobility and communication
• Psychological distress relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that impact on an individual's level of functioning
• Incidence is the number of new cases of an illness occurring during a given period
• Prevalence is the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
• Self-assessed health status is a measure based on a person's own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general
• Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)

  A measure of burden of disease

  One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury
• Burden of Disease

  A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, measured in a unit called DALY

  Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability
• Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

  A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health.

  It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
• Maternal mortality

  The death of a mother (as a result of pregnancy) during pregnancy, childbirth, up to 6 weeks after delivery
• Maternal mortality ratio is the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births
• Infant mortality is the death of a child between birth and their first birthday
• Infant mortality rate is the rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births
• Under 5 mortality is the death of a child under 5 years of age
• Under 5 mortality rate (U5MR) is the rate of deaths occurring in children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births