B9 Respiration

• Cellular respiration definition?


  Exothermic reaction that occurs in mitochondria of cells to release energy from glucose
• What do organisms need energy for?

  1. chemical reactions to build larger molecules 2. muscle contraction for movement 3. keeping warm
• Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  aerobic uses oxygen. aNaerobic does Not use oxygen
• Equation for aerobic respiration(words)

  glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• Why does aerobic respiration release more energy than anaerobic respiration?

  glucose not completely broken down in anaerobic respiration so less energy is transferred
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

  fermentation
• Equation for fermentation(words)

  glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• How does the body supply muscles with more oxygenated blood during exercise?

  increase heart rate. rapid breathing. taking deeper breaths. means more air coming into body and more oxygen being pumped around
• What substance builds up in muscles during anaerobic respiration?

  lactic acid
• What happens to muscles during long periods of activity?

  lactic acid builds up in muscles which stops efficient contracting
• Oxygen debt?

  amount of oxygen the body needs AFTER exercise to react with the lactic acid built up
• How is lactic acid removed from the body?

  lactic acid in muscles -> blood takes it to liver -> gets converted back to glucose
• What is metabolism?

  sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
• Examples of metabolic reactions?

  1. glucose -> starch or glycogen or cellulose OR 2. glycerol and fatty acids -> lipids OR 3. glucose + nitrate ions -> amino acids OR 4. photosynthesis OR 5. respiration OR 6. excess proteins break down into urea
• Aerobic respiration?

  1. exothermic reaction 2. glucose reacts with oxygen 3. releases energy for cells to use
• Where does aerobic respiration happen?

  mitochondria
• Why do organisms need the energy released by respiration?

  1. synthesis of larger molecules 2. muscle contraction 3. maintain body temperature 4. active transport
• Equation for anaerobic respiration in animals (humans)?

  glucose -> lactic acid (+energy)
• Anaerobic respiration?

  exothermic reaction where glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen
• How do muscles store glucose?

  as glycogen
• Fermentation?

  anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• Why is fermentation reaction important?

  used in production of bread and beer (and other alcoholic drinks)
• Equation for aerobic respiration

  $C_6H_{12}O_6 \hspace{2mm}+$$\hspace{2mm}6O_2\hspace{2mm}\longrightarrow\hspace{2mm}6CO_2\hspace{2mm}+$$\hspace{2mm}6H_2O$